本文選題：刀具 + 難加工材料�。� 參考：《電子科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：《中國制造2025》中明確提出“在航天、汽車、機(jī)床等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域集中開展數(shù)控機(jī)床專項(xiàng)成果的應(yīng)用驗(yàn)證,全面推進(jìn)國產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、功能部件和刀具的研發(fā)和配套應(yīng)用,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)床智能化”。刀具作為數(shù)控加工的一個重要部件,其可靠性直接影響到整個加工過程的加工效率和穩(wěn)定性。因此,開展刀具可靠性分析,具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。對刀具進(jìn)行可靠性分析時,需要獲得刀具退化數(shù)據(jù)。為了獲得刀具退化數(shù)據(jù),本文針對難加工材料進(jìn)行刀具切削加工實(shí)驗(yàn),由于加工工況、現(xiàn)場環(huán)境等各方面因素的限制,難以獲得大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。針對此“樣本小、數(shù)據(jù)乏”的難題,引入Bayes(貝葉斯)方法對經(jīng)驗(yàn)信息進(jìn)行綜合。在該理論基礎(chǔ)上,本文圍繞刀具退化數(shù)據(jù)開展刀具可靠性分析,具體研究內(nèi)容主要包括以下三個方面:(1)為了得到刀具在某一固定時刻可靠度值,本文提出了一種基于退化量分布模型的刀具可靠性分析方法。該方法通過確定某一固定時刻刀具退化數(shù)據(jù)分布,結(jié)合Bayes理論,計(jì)算刀具在某一固定時刻可靠度值。為了得到刀具可靠度隨時間的變化趨勢,本文在假設(shè)刀具失效分布已知的基礎(chǔ)上,對刀具進(jìn)行可靠性分析。(2)為了模擬出刀具的退化過程,本文提出了一種基于退化過程模型的刀具可靠性分析方法。該方法在未考慮個體差異的條件下,基于Bayes理論,對刀具退化模型中的參數(shù)進(jìn)行更新,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對刀具退化過程的模擬和刀具可靠性分析。同時,由于同一刀盤上的刀具退化過程存在差異,本文提出了一種考慮個體差異的隨機(jī)過程模型的可靠性分析方法,該方法得到了刀具可靠度隨時間的變化趨勢。(3)為了對上述兩種方法進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,本文實(shí)施了難加工材料數(shù)控加工實(shí)驗(yàn)。此實(shí)驗(yàn)在考慮了切削用量對切削效率影響的條件下,設(shè)計(jì)了三因素三水平正交實(shí)驗(yàn)。每組切削用量下,進(jìn)行10次切削加工,收集了大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),并運(yùn)用此數(shù)據(jù)對上述方法進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。此外,在此實(shí)驗(yàn)中除了采集到刀具磨損量數(shù)據(jù)外,采集到的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)還包括:振動信號,表面粗糙度和工件切屑數(shù)據(jù)�；诖藬�(shù)據(jù)對刀具磨損狀態(tài)進(jìn)行多角度監(jiān)測,形成了比較全面的刀具切削加工數(shù)據(jù)庫。通過對刀具磨損量分析,證明本文提出的方法可以很好地對刀具進(jìn)行可靠性評估,為數(shù)控加工工藝規(guī)劃和機(jī)床刀具智能選擇提供了理論支撐。
[Abstract]:The "made in China 2025" clearly states that "in key areas such as aerospace, automobiles, machine tools, and other key areas, we will concentrate on the application and verification of special achievements in numerical control machine tools, and comprehensively promote the development and matching application of domestic numerical control systems, functional components and cutting tools." Finally realize the intelligent machine tool "." As an important part of NC machining, tool reliability directly affects the machining efficiency and stability of the whole machining process. Therefore, it has important theoretical and practical significance to carry out tool reliability analysis. It is necessary to obtain tool degradation data for tool reliability analysis. In order to obtain the tool degradation data, this paper carries on the tool cutting experiment to the difficult machined material, because of the processing condition, the field environment and other factors' limitation, it is difficult to obtain a large amount of experimental data. In order to solve the problem of "small sample and lack of data", Bayes (Bayesian) method is introduced to synthesize the empirical information. Based on this theory, the tool reliability analysis is carried out around the tool degradation data. The specific research contents include the following three aspects: (1) in order to obtain the tool reliability value at a fixed time, In this paper, a tool reliability analysis method based on degenerate distribution model is proposed. In this method, the tool degradation data distribution at a fixed time is determined, and the reliability of the tool at a fixed time is calculated by combining Bayes theory. In order to obtain the change trend of tool reliability with time, this paper analyzes the tool reliability based on the assumption that the tool failure distribution is known. (2) in order to simulate the process of tool degradation, In this paper, a tool reliability analysis method based on degenerate process model is proposed. Based on Bayes theory, the parameters of tool degradation model are updated, and the simulation of tool degradation process and tool reliability analysis are realized. At the same time, due to the difference of tool degradation process on the same cutter head, this paper presents a reliability analysis method of stochastic process model considering individual differences. The change trend of tool reliability with time is obtained by this method. (3) in order to verify the above two methods, the NC machining experiment of difficult machining material is carried out in this paper. In this experiment, considering the effect of cutting parameters on cutting efficiency, a three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment was designed. Under each set of cutting parameters, 10 cutting processes were carried out, a large number of experimental data were collected, and the above method was verified by using this data. In addition, in addition to the tool wear data, the experimental data include vibration signal, surface roughness and chip data. Based on this data, the tool wear state is monitored from various angles, and a more comprehensive tool cutting database is formed. Through the analysis of tool wear, it is proved that the method presented in this paper can evaluate the reliability of the tool well and provide theoretical support for NC machining process planning and tool intelligent selection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG71

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