本文選題：重型數(shù)控車床 + 雙齒輪齒條傳動(dòng)　； 參考：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：數(shù)控車床的核心進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)大部分采用伺服電動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)滾珠絲杠副的傳動(dòng)方式,當(dāng)車床行程超過6m以上時(shí),隨著滾珠絲杠長度的變長,滾珠絲杠的撓度也變大,造成彎曲變形使刀架移動(dòng)定位精度超差;同時(shí)由于絲杠加長,機(jī)械部分轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量增加,既增加生產(chǎn)成本,又降低了機(jī)床的可靠性,為了解決以上問題,經(jīng)過調(diào)查研究,采取各家所長,并結(jié)合國內(nèi)外先進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì)理念,經(jīng)過多次的論證實(shí)驗(yàn),研究大、重型數(shù)控機(jī)床行程在6m以上時(shí),機(jī)床的縱向進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)采用雙齒輪齒條傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法。本文首先對齒輪副側(cè)隙對傳動(dòng)精度的影響做了分析,研究了含側(cè)隙的齒輪動(dòng)載荷沖擊理論及含側(cè)隙齒輪嚙合的沖擊力。并提出了各種消除齒輪傳動(dòng)中產(chǎn)生反向間隙的機(jī)構(gòu),由于齒輪傳動(dòng)存在齒隙,會(huì)造成傳動(dòng)回差,引起傳動(dòng)非線性和系統(tǒng)的自振蕩等,傳動(dòng)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確度不高,傳動(dòng)不平穩(wěn),嚴(yán)重的影響了數(shù)控車床的傳動(dòng)精度。為此,本文在分析了各種消隙機(jī)構(gòu)的方法及特點(diǎn)之外,還提出了雙齒輪輸出傳動(dòng)的消隙方法。其次,此設(shè)計(jì)中研究了雙齒輪齒條傳動(dòng)過程中產(chǎn)生間隙的消除機(jī)構(gòu),并對雙齒輪消隙原理的設(shè)計(jì)方案做了比較,通過比較選擇碟形彈簧自動(dòng)進(jìn)行調(diào)整使兩輸出軸齒輪同時(shí)齒條嚙合來消除間隙,這種方法結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、控制方便、維護(hù)成本低。最后,本研究采用基于Solidworks的實(shí)體建模、裝配與運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真的協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì),通過Ansys軟件對雙齒輪消隙機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真分析,得出相關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真分析曲線,分析雙齒輪齒條傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的消隙效果。本文結(jié)合CK612520重型數(shù)控車床的設(shè)計(jì),得到了實(shí)踐方面的驗(yàn)證,證明了所研究的雙齒輪齒條進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)的合理性和可行性。
[Abstract]:The core feed system of CNC lathe mostly adopts the drive mode of servo motor driving ball screw pair. When the travel of lathe exceeds 6m, the deflection of ball screw becomes larger with the length of ball screw increasing. In order to solve the above problems, the accuracy of moving and positioning of the tool holder is too poor due to the bending deformation. At the same time, due to the lengthening of the lead screw and the increase of the mechanical part's moment of inertia, it not only increases the production cost but also reduces the reliability of the machine tool, in order to solve the above problems, By adopting various advantages and combining with advanced design concepts at home and abroad, the design method of double gear rack transmission is adopted for the longitudinal feed transmission of the machine tool when the stroke of the heavy and large numerical control machine is more than 6 m through many demonstration experiments. In this paper, the influence of gear pair clearance on transmission accuracy is analyzed, and the impact theory of gear dynamic load and the impact force of gear meshing with side gap are studied. The mechanism of eliminating the reverse gap in gear transmission is put forward. Because the gear drive has tooth gap, it will cause the transmission back difference, cause the transmission nonlinearity and the self-oscillation of the system, etc., the accuracy of transmission is not high and the transmission is not stable. The transmission accuracy of CNC lathe is seriously affected. Therefore, in addition to the analysis of the methods and characteristics of various clearance elimination mechanisms, this paper also puts forward the clearance elimination method of double gear output drive. Secondly, the mechanism of eliminating the gap in the process of double gear rack transmission is studied, and the design scheme of the principle of double gear eliminating gap is compared. By comparing and selecting the disc spring to adjust automatically, the gear with two output shafts is meshed simultaneously with rack to eliminate the clearance. This method has the advantages of simple structure, convenient control and low maintenance cost. Finally, the research adopts the solid modeling based on Solidworks, the collaborative design of assembly and motion simulation, through the Ansys software to carry on the motion simulation analysis to the double gear to eliminate the clearance mechanism, obtains the correlation motion simulation analysis curve. The clearance elimination effect of double gear rack drive mechanism is analyzed. Combined with the design of CK612520 heavy duty CNC lathe, this paper has been verified in practice and proved the rationality and feasibility of the double gear rack feed mechanism studied in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG519.1

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