本文選題：小模數(shù)弧齒錐齒輪 + 五軸數(shù)控加工　； 參考：《湘潭大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：弧齒錐齒輪具有承載能力強、重疊系數(shù)高以及傳動平穩(wěn)等優(yōu)點,在精密儀器、鉆探設備、重載汽車、遠洋船舶等領域具有廣泛的應用。目前,小模數(shù)弧齒錐齒輪傳動中一般都采用修正擺線齒形,而加工方式的不同直接影響到齒形精度。由于尺寸小,存在刀具和工件的變形。因此如何建立合理的刀軌優(yōu)化算法,減小加工變形是實現(xiàn)弧齒錐齒輪齒廓面數(shù)控高效高精加工的關(guān)鍵。為此,本文以小模數(shù)弧齒錐齒輪五軸數(shù)控加工為研究對象,綜合運用五軸數(shù)控加工理論、刀具包絡面理論、兩點偏置法、有限元數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)等理論和手段,探索弧齒錐齒輪齒廓面加工變形,并對其實現(xiàn)有效控制,具體研究工作如下:(1)小模數(shù)弧齒錐齒輪的實體模型的建立和五軸數(shù)控加工刀軌的規(guī)劃。利用UG建�；↓X錐齒輪的空間實體,通過分析弧齒錐齒輪的幾何特征與結(jié)構(gòu)特點,確定加工的參數(shù),建立了基于模型特征的五軸數(shù)控加工刀軌規(guī)劃方案,依托UG軟件CAM模塊對加工刀軌方案進行了分析。(2)齒廓精銑加工刀軌優(yōu)化及誤差分析。通過(1)建立的刀軌規(guī)劃,基于單參數(shù)球族包絡理論,運用MATLAB建立了齒廓面?zhèn)茹娺^程中的刀具包絡面,對弧齒錐齒輪側(cè)銑加工的齒廓面離散化,通過分析理論齒廓面與刀具包絡面之間的法向誤差,采用兩點偏置法優(yōu)化刀軸減少誤差,重新建立了側(cè)銑加工過程中精加工刀軌,減小側(cè)銑過程中的誤差量。(3)弧齒錐齒輪齒廓面加工變形分析。建立了小模數(shù)弧齒錐齒輪側(cè)銑加工齒廓面變形與刀具變形的理論預測模型,結(jié)合銑削力模型及AdvantEdge PM模擬仿真,計算出理論變形量;運用ANSYS平臺將實時銑削力導入,建立側(cè)銑加工的有限元模型,分析側(cè)銑加工中的齒廓變形以及刀具變形值,通過與理論預測模型的對比,探究側(cè)銑時齒面與刀具變形分布規(guī)律;通過運用AdvantEdge PM模塊優(yōu)化側(cè)銑過程中的切削參數(shù),來優(yōu)化銑削力,最終減小側(cè)銑過程中出現(xiàn)的齒面和刀具的變形誤差。(4)弧齒錐齒輪加工仿真與試驗驗證�；赩ericut7.3對弧齒錐齒輪進行加工仿真,然后通過加工試驗及三坐標測量儀測量,對實際加工齒廓面與理論齒廓面的誤差分析,驗證了刀軌優(yōu)化與控制加工變形的有效性。綜上,本文的研究為小模數(shù)弧齒錐齒輪高精加工提供了參考依據(jù),為提升我國小模數(shù)弧齒錐齒輪數(shù)控加工工藝水平奠定了理論基礎。
[Abstract]:The spiral bevel gear has the advantages of strong bearing capacity, high overlap coefficient and smooth transmission. It has extensive application in the fields of precision instrument, drilling equipment, heavy vehicle, ocean ship and so on. At present, the modified cycloid gear is usually used in the small modulus spiral bevel gear transmission, and the difference of processing mode directly affects the tooth shape precision. It is small in size and has the deformation of tool and workpiece. Therefore, how to establish a reasonable algorithm of tool rail optimization and reduce the processing deformation is the key to realize the high efficiency and high precision machining of the tooth profile surface of the spiral bevel gear. In this paper, the five axis NC machining of the small modulus spiral bevel gear is used as the research object, and the five axis NC machining theory and the tool envelope surface are used in this paper. The theory, the two point bias method, the finite element numerical simulation technology and other theories and means to explore the machining deformation of the tooth profile of the spiral bevel gear, and to control it effectively. The specific research work is as follows: (1) the establishment of the solid model of the small modulus spiral bevel gear and the planning of the five axis NC machining tool rails. The space entity of the spiral bevel gear is modeled by UG. By analyzing the geometric features and structural features of the spiral bevel gear and determining the parameters of the machining, the five axis NC machining tool rail planning scheme based on the model features is established. The tool rail scheme is analyzed based on the UG software CAM module. (2) the tool rail optimization and error analysis of the tooth profile finishing. The tool rail planning based on (1) is based on single parameter. The envelope theory of the number ball family is used to establish the tool envelope surface in the tooth profile side milling process, and the tooth profile surface of the spiral bevel gear side milling is discretized. By analyzing the normal error between the theoretical tooth profile and the tool envelope surface, the two point bias method is used to optimize the cutter shaft to reduce the error, and the finishing tool in the side milling process is reestablished. The error quantity in the side milling process is reduced. (3) the analysis of the machining deformation of the tooth profile surface of the spiral bevel gear. The theoretical prediction model of the tooth profile surface deformation and the tool deformation of the small modulus spiral bevel gear milling is established, and the theoretical deformation amount is calculated by the milling force model and the simulation simulation of AdvantEdge PM, and the real-time milling force is introduced by the ANSYS platform, The finite element model of side milling is established, and the tooth profile deformation and tool deformation value in side milling are analyzed. By comparing with the theoretical prediction model, the distribution law of tooth surface and tool deformation in side milling is explored. By using the AdvantEdge PM module to optimize the cutting parameters in the side milling process, the milling force is optimized and the end milling process is finally reduced. The deformation error of the present tooth surface and the cutting tool. (4) the machining simulation and test verification of the spiral bevel gear. Based on the machining simulation of the spiral bevel gear, the error analysis of the actual tooth profile surface and the theoretical tooth profile is analyzed by the processing test and the three coordinate measuring instrument, and the effectiveness of the tool track optimization and the control machining deformation is verified. In summary, the research of this paper provides a reference for the high precision machining of small modulus spiral bevel gear. It lays a theoretical foundation for improving the NC machining technology level of small modulus spiral bevel gear in China.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG659;TG61

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