本文選題：非參數(shù)模型 + 校準平臺�。� 參考：《中國民航大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來隨著航空航天、大型艦船、高速動車等大型裝配制造業(yè)對數(shù)字化裝配要求的不斷提高,人們對現(xiàn)場測量任務提出了更嚴格的要求。視覺測量技術因為具備非接觸、實時性強、精度高等顯著優(yōu)點,被當做是實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場、在線測量的最有效的手段之一。相機內(nèi)參數(shù)校準是視覺測量系統(tǒng)中的重要一環(huán),對整個測量系統(tǒng)的諸多性能造成重要影響,已經(jīng)成為關鍵性技術問題。目前相機內(nèi)參數(shù)校準多是采用參數(shù)化模型解算的方式,存在很多固有的缺陷,如相機內(nèi)參數(shù)之間的相關性影響、優(yōu)化求解的非線性不穩(wěn)定性等,難以滿足現(xiàn)代裝配制造業(yè)的高精度、大空間測量的要求。本文采用純光學方法精確模擬相機的成像過程,通過構造三維空間成像光束和圖像點之間的關系,從而建立像面與空間角矢量的對應,真實地反映并重現(xiàn)相機成像的逆過程,突破具體空間的約束,從原理上實現(xiàn)大空間、高精度測量相機的精確校準。通過研究非參數(shù)模型的內(nèi)參數(shù)校準方法,搭建了相應的校準平臺,實驗驗證了方法的可行性,并針對校準控制點的圖像處理進行了研究。本文將從以下幾個方面進行展開:1.研究了相機常規(guī)的內(nèi)參數(shù)校準方案,選擇兩種常規(guī)的校準手段進行初步校準,闡述其校準原理并指出不足。另一方面,針對不同像元尺寸的相機進行模擬實驗,分析其對參數(shù)模型的影響。2.研究了一種非參數(shù)模型的內(nèi)參數(shù)校準方法,分析其校準原理和具體的實施方案,并構建校準平臺,同時對影響非參數(shù)模型內(nèi)參校準方法的相關誤差進行分析。3.對校準控制點進一步剖析。重點研究紅外LED燈作為校準點的優(yōu)越性,并設計實驗,一方面從物距、視場角等角度對校準控制點中心精度的提取做了相關的分析,并得出了相應的結(jié)論;另一方面,分析校準控制點的質(zhì)心定位方法,得到相應的結(jié)論。4.采用非參數(shù)模型的內(nèi)參校準方法對實驗室相機進行校準,得到了相應的內(nèi)參數(shù)模型。設置交比不變性驗證實驗,驗證非參數(shù)模型校準方法的可行性及穩(wěn)定性都優(yōu)于常規(guī)的參數(shù)化模型校準方法,能夠有效地提高測量不確定度指標。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing requirements of digital assembly in aerospace, large ships, high-speed motor cars and other large-scale assembly industry, people put forward more stringent requirements for the field measurement task. Visual measurement technology is regarded as one of the most effective means to realize field and on-line measurement because of its advantages of non-contact, high real-time and high precision. The calibration of camera parameters is an important part of the vision measurement system. It has become a key technical problem and has an important impact on the performance of the whole measurement system. At present, the calibration of camera parameters is mostly based on the parameterized model, which has many inherent defects, such as the influence of the correlation between the camera parameters, the nonlinear instability of the optimization solution, and so on. It is difficult to meet the requirement of high precision and large space measurement in modern assembly manufacturing industry. In this paper, the pure optical method is used to accurately simulate the imaging process of the camera. By constructing the relationship between the 3D imaging beam and the image points, the correspondence between the image plane and the space angle vector is established, and the inverse process of the camera imaging is truly reflected and reproduced. The precision calibration of large space and high precision measuring camera is realized in principle by breaking through the restriction of specific space. By studying the internal parameter calibration method of the non-parametric model, the corresponding calibration platform is built, the feasibility of the method is verified by experiments, and the image processing of the calibration control point is studied. This article will be carried out from the following aspects: 1. This paper studies the routine internal parameter calibration scheme of the camera, selects two normal calibration methods to carry on the preliminary calibration, expounds its calibration principle and points out the deficiency. On the other hand, the simulation experiment of camera with different pixel size is carried out to analyze its influence on the parameter model. This paper studies a non-parametric model's internal parameter calibration method, analyzes its calibration principle and concrete implementation scheme, and constructs a calibration platform. At the same time, it analyzes the relative errors that affect the non-parametric model's internal parameter calibration method. Further analysis of calibration control points. The superiority of infrared LED lamp as calibration point is studied emphatically, and the experiment is designed. On the one hand, the accuracy of calibration control point is analyzed from the angle of object distance and field of view angle, and the corresponding conclusions are obtained. The centroid positioning method of calibration control point is analyzed, and the corresponding conclusion. 4. The calibration method of internal parameter of non-parametric model is used to calibrate the laboratory camera, and the corresponding internal parameter model is obtained. The feasibility and stability of the non-parametric model calibration method are verified by the cross-ratio invariance verification experiment, which is superior to the conventional parametric model calibration method, which can effectively improve the uncertainty index of measurement.
【學位授予單位】：中國民航大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG806

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 梁靈飛;;基于交比不變和間距比不變的線陣相機畸變標定方法[J];科學技術與工程;2014年14期

2 馮新星;張麗艷;葉南;楊博文;;二維高斯分布光斑中心快速提取算法研究[J];光學學報;2012年05期

3 李晉惠;韓黃璞;;CCD光學系統(tǒng)成像畸變量與視場角的標定[J];西安工業(yè)大學學報;2012年02期

4 曾德賢;杜小平;;像元尺寸對空間光學探測系統(tǒng)性能的影響[J];中國空間科學技術;2011年03期

5 李進明;林意;;基于交比不變性的攝像機標定方法[J];計算機工程與設計;2011年03期

6 林潤芝;楊學友;鄒劍;邾繼貴;吳斌;;面向大尺寸檢測CCD圖像中心提取精度的研究[J];傳感器與微系統(tǒng);2010年12期

7 楊君;張濤;宋靖雁;梁斌;;星點質(zhì)心亞像元定位的高精度誤差補償法[J];光學精密工程;2010年04期

8 劉國棟;劉炳國;陳鳳東;胡濤;;亞像素定位算法精度評價方法的研究[J];光學學報;2009年12期

9 伍雪冬;蔣新華;李建興;黃靖;;計算機視覺中傳統(tǒng)攝像機定標方法綜述[J];福建工程學院學報;2007年01期

10 馬驪群;王立鼎;靳書元;王繼虎;曹鐵澤;;工業(yè)大尺寸測量儀器的溯源現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢[J];計測技術;2006年06期

相關博士學位論文 前3條

1 王偉;單像機虛擬控制網(wǎng)絡三維坐標測量關鍵技術研究[D];天津大學;2014年

2 張滋黎;基于視覺引導的大尺度空間坐標測量方法研究[D];天津大學;2010年

3 陳向偉;機械零件計算機視覺檢測關鍵技術的研究[D];吉林大學;2005年

相關碩士學位論文 前5條

1 程磊;基于ARM與VC++的視頻圖像采集與處理系統(tǒng)的設計[D];湖南大學;2012年

2 林潤芝;面向大空間高精度測量相機的光學校準方法研究[D];天津大學;2010年

3 鄒劍;光學數(shù)碼坐標測量精度改進研究[D];天津大學;2009年

4 李欣欣;大空間視覺三維坐標測量中的像機內(nèi)參數(shù)校準算法研究[D];中國民航大學;2009年

5 黎明;三維激光測量技術及應用研究[D];浙江大學;2005年

，

本文編號：1946914