本文選題：光譜發(fā)射率 + 溫度��； 參考：《河南師范大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著生產(chǎn)自動化的發(fā)展和智能設(shè)備的興起,傳感器的需求也越來越大,溫度傳感器的精度和適用范圍的擴大對生產(chǎn)和生活各個方面都起著非常重要的作用。紅外測溫具有適用范圍廣、使用方便的特點,在溫度傳感器領(lǐng)域的地位越來越重要,而溫度傳感器精度的提高,有賴于材料紅外發(fā)射率的準確測量。本文利用本實驗室自行設(shè)計的能量法測量光譜發(fā)射率的設(shè)備,對幾種常見的金屬及其合金,如鐵、鋼、銅和黃銅的光譜發(fā)射率做了系統(tǒng)的研究。文章介紹了材料表面發(fā)射率研究的背景和意義;對材料光譜發(fā)射率的研究現(xiàn)狀做了說明,對光譜發(fā)射率的測量方法和測量儀器做了簡單的綜述和總結(jié);材料發(fā)射率相關(guān)的概念:黑體輻射、普朗克定律、維恩位移定律、輻射體的分類;基爾霍夫定律、斯特潘·玻爾茲曼定律以及與之密切相關(guān)的紅外測溫的三種技術(shù):利用輻射溫度測溫法、亮溫度測溫法和比色測溫法。對黑體腔的制造原理做了簡單的介紹;詳細介紹了發(fā)射率相關(guān)的形式和定義;對能量對比法測量材料光譜發(fā)射率的三種方法:單光路法、雙光路法和光纖光路法做了比較細致的介紹,并對本次研究應(yīng)用的實驗設(shè)備做了說明;對可能影響發(fā)射率測量的環(huán)境因素,如大氣中水蒸汽和二氧化碳對紅外波段光譜的吸收也做了討論。主要結(jié)論如下:第一,銅鋅合金H62在實驗條件下的氧化物主要是ZnO,這使得氧化后的銅鋅合金H62的光譜發(fā)射率比相同條件下的純銅合金光譜發(fā)射率低;經(jīng)過一小時氧化,銅鋅合金的氧化膜厚度大約為1.64μm;第二,氧化后的銅鋅合金H62的光譜發(fā)射率隨溫度升高而增加,隨波長增加而減小;最后,氧化后的銅鋅合金H62和純銅的光譜發(fā)射率在波長為10μm處顯著增加,這是由于Christiansen效應(yīng)的影響。第四,201鋼、304鋼和A3鐵材料的光譜發(fā)射率基本都遵循隨溫度升高而增大的規(guī)律,鉻元素含量越高的材料其光譜發(fā)射率值越小,A3鐵在所有溫度點的光譜發(fā)射率均大于201鋼和304鋼的發(fā)射率。由X射線衍射分析的數(shù)據(jù)可以看出,201鋼和304鋼的表面氧化膜以穩(wěn)定的氧化鉻為主,光譜發(fā)射率相對于A3鐵較為穩(wěn)定,而A3鐵表面氧化膜為不穩(wěn)定的四氧化三鐵Fe3O4和氧化亞鐵FeO,由于不同溫度下成分的轉(zhuǎn)變,導(dǎo)致光譜發(fā)射率出現(xiàn)了較大的變化。由于Christiansen效應(yīng)對光譜發(fā)射率的影響,三種樣品的光譜發(fā)射率在10μm附近均出現(xiàn)了極值。
[Abstract]:With the development of production automation and the rise of intelligent equipment, the demand for sensors is increasing. The expansion of precision and application of temperature sensors plays a very important role in production and life. Infrared temperature measurement is more and more important in the field of temperature sensor because of its wide range of application and convenient use. The improvement of temperature sensor precision depends on the accurate measurement of material infrared emissivity. In this paper, the spectral emissivity of several common metals and their alloys, such as iron, steel, copper and brass, has been systematically studied by using the energy method designed by our laboratory to measure the spectral emissivity. This paper introduces the background and significance of the research on the surface emissivity of materials, explains the present situation of the research on the emissivity of the materials, and summarizes the measuring methods and instruments of the spectral emissivity. Concepts related to material emissivity: blackbody radiation, Planck's law, Wayne's displacement law, classification of radiators, Kirchhoff's law, Stepan Boltzmann's law and three related infrared temperature measurement techniques: radiation temperature measurement, bright temperature measurement and colorimetric temperature measurement. The manufacturing principle of black cavity is briefly introduced, the form and definition of emissivity correlation are introduced in detail, and three methods for measuring the spectral emissivity of materials by energy contrast: single optical path method, The double optical path method and the optical fiber optical path method are introduced in detail, and the experimental equipment used in this study is described, and the environmental factors that may affect the emissivity measurement are also discussed. For example, the absorption of water vapor and carbon dioxide to infrared spectrum is also discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: first, ZnO is the main oxide of Cu-Zn alloy H62 under the experimental conditions, which makes the spectral emissivity of the oxidized Cu-Zn alloy H62 lower than that of pure copper alloy under the same conditions. The oxide film thickness of Cu-Zn alloy is about 1.64 渭 m. Secondly, the spectral emissivity of the oxidized Cu-Zn alloy H62 increases with the increase of temperature and decreases with the increase of wavelength. The spectral emissivity of the oxidized Cu-Zn alloy H62 and pure copper increases significantly at the wavelength of 10 渭 m, which is due to the effect of Christiansen effect. The spectral emissivity of the fourth FIB201 steel T304 steel and the A3 iron material basically follows the law of increasing with the increase of temperature. The higher the Cr content, the smaller the spectral emissivity of Fe _ (3) O _ (3) is higher than that of steel 201 and steel 304 at all temperature points. From the data of X-ray diffraction analysis, it can be seen that the surface oxide film is mainly composed of stable chromium oxide, and the spectral emissivity is more stable than that of A3 iron. On the other hand, the oxide film on the surface of A3 is unstable Fe3O4 and Feo. The spectral emissivity has changed greatly due to the change of composition at different temperature. Because of the influence of Christiansen effect on the spectral emissivity, the spectral emissivity of the three kinds of samples appears extreme value near 10 渭 m.
【學位授予單位】：河南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TG115

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