本文選題：窄間隙焊縫跟蹤 + 圓柱型相鄰電容傳感器�。� 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著傳感器技術(shù)在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的發(fā)展,電容傳感器因其具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,靈敏精密,非接觸測量及環(huán)境適應(yīng)力強等優(yōu)點,在兩相流測量,物品介質(zhì)重建分析與高精度測量等方面應(yīng)用普及。本文首先分析窄間隙焊縫跟蹤系統(tǒng)及電容傳感器的技術(shù)背景;根據(jù)窄間隙焊接和邊緣電場傳感器技術(shù)的特點,建立了一類用于窄間隙焊縫跟蹤的圓柱型相鄰電容傳感器,設(shè)計了該圓柱形相鄰電容傳感器的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。同時闡述了該圓柱形相鄰電容傳感器在窄間隙焊接過程中的測量原理,并對其在窄間隙焊縫檢測的能力進行可行性分析。運用電磁場基本理論及Possion方程,建立了簡化后的窄間隙焊縫跟蹤的圓柱型電容傳感數(shù)學(xué)模型。建立了安裝于焊槍噴嘴的電容傳感器有限元模型,分析了電容傳感器在窄間隙焊縫中電場分布的特點。通過仿真幾組不同極板結(jié)構(gòu)下的窄間隙焊縫跟蹤傳感器,研究了電場分布形貌,并計算了每組傳感器的測量靈敏性和穿透性;通過觀察傳感器在窄間隙焊縫內(nèi)橫向、縱向偏移時電容的變化趨勢,優(yōu)化了電容電極及屏蔽層結(jié)構(gòu)。在該模型下,將電容-距離曲線進行非線性映射,推導(dǎo)了電容值與窄間隙焊縫位置關(guān)系的方程式。從仿真結(jié)果上看,圓柱型相鄰電容傳感器用于窄間隙焊縫跟蹤系統(tǒng)完全可行。針對目前電容傳感器測量自電容低、雜散和寄生電容過大等弊端,提出了一種測量電容值大小的放大電路及濾波電路。并采用了AD7745雙通道12位的電容-數(shù)字信號轉(zhuǎn)換器(CDC)采集信號,通過單片機運算提取出焊縫偏移信號,經(jīng)過上位機軟件與PC端控制,采集測量了兩組電容值。搭建了用于測量電容的幾組實驗平臺。文章最后對比了仿真數(shù)據(jù)與試驗結(jié)果。分析試驗采集的頻譜信號,并通過軟件濾波處理后與ANSYS分析結(jié)果相比,其變化的趨勢基本相同。排除了溫度及焊接飛濺等外界干擾雜波,將濾波后的信號通過非線性映射以及數(shù)學(xué)運算后提取出焊槍所在的空間位置信息,并通過焊縫曲面重建,得出的圖像結(jié)果與窄間隙焊縫基本一致。通過試驗最終證明了圓柱型相鄰電容傳感器可完美匹配窄間隙焊縫跟蹤系統(tǒng)。
[Abstract]:With the development of sensor technology in industrial production, capacitive sensors are measured in two-phase flow because of their advantages of compact structure, sensitive precision, non-contact measurement and strong environmental adaptability. The application of material reconstruction analysis and high-precision measurement is very popular. Based on the characteristics of narrow gap welding and edge electric field sensor, a kind of cylindrical adjacent capacitance sensor for narrow gap weld tracking is established. The basic structure of the cylindrical adjacent capacitance sensor is designed. At the same time, the measuring principle of the cylindrical adjacent capacitance sensor in the process of narrow gap welding is described, and the feasibility analysis of its ability to detect the narrow gap welding seam is carried out. Based on the basic theory of electromagnetic field and Possion equation, a simplified mathematical model of cylindrical capacitance sensor for narrow gap seam tracking is established. The finite element model of capacitive sensor installed in welding torch nozzle is established, and the characteristics of electric field distribution in narrow gap weld are analyzed. By simulating several groups of narrow gap welding seam tracking sensors with different polar plate structures, the distribution of electric field was studied, and the measurement sensitivity and penetration of each group of sensors were calculated, and the transversal of the sensor in the narrow gap weld was observed. The structure of capacitance electrode and shielding layer is optimized by the change trend of capacitance during longitudinal deviation. In this model, the capacitance-distance curve is nonlinear mapped, and the equation of the relationship between the capacitance value and the position of the narrow gap weld is derived. The simulation results show that the cylindrical adjacent capacitance sensor is feasible for narrow gap seam tracking system. Aiming at the disadvantages of low self-capacitance, stray and parasitic capacitance of capacitive sensors, an amplifier circuit and a filter circuit are proposed to measure the capacitance value. The AD7745 dual-channel 12-bit capacitance-digital signal converter is used to collect the signal, and the welding seam offset signal is extracted by the single-chip computer. Two sets of capacitance values are collected and measured by the software of the upper computer and the control of the PC. Several experimental platforms are built for measuring capacitance. Finally, the simulation data and experimental results are compared. The spectrum signal collected from the experiment is analyzed, and compared with the result of ANSYS analysis, the change trend of the signal is basically the same. The filtered signal is extracted by nonlinear mapping and mathematical operation, and the position information of welding torch is extracted, and the weld surface is reconstructed. The result of the image is basically consistent with that of narrow gap weld. Finally, it is proved that the cylindrical adjacent capacitive sensor can perfectly match the narrow gap seam tracking system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212;TG409

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