本文選題：減振鏜桿 + 變剛度��； 參考：《哈爾濱理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：在切削加工過(guò)程中由于系統(tǒng)剛性問(wèn)題容易產(chǎn)生振動(dòng),造成系統(tǒng)不穩(wěn)定,加工質(zhì)量降低。深孔鏜削加工時(shí)鏜桿的長(zhǎng)懸伸導(dǎo)致動(dòng)剛度、靜剛度降低,尤其是鏜桿的長(zhǎng)徑比較大的情況下,鏜桿的剛度就會(huì)更小,加工過(guò)程中勢(shì)必帶來(lái)不期望存在的劇烈振動(dòng),降低加工質(zhì)量,降低生產(chǎn)效率,如何在深孔加工過(guò)程中調(diào)節(jié)動(dòng)剛度進(jìn)而抑制振動(dòng)己成為一個(gè)新的關(guān)注點(diǎn)。本文分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于被動(dòng)控制類(lèi)型減振鏜桿、主動(dòng)控制減振鏜桿等方面的研究現(xiàn)狀,提出了變剛度-約束阻尼型減振鏜桿設(shè)計(jì),建立了變剛度-約束阻尼減振鏜桿動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,并根據(jù)模型進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、仿真及剛度調(diào)節(jié)控制,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:根據(jù)變剛度-約束阻尼型減振鏜桿結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和減振特性,建立了約束阻尼-動(dòng)力減振鏜桿系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)化的數(shù)學(xué)模型。分析了最佳頻率比、最佳阻尼比和最佳剛度比,并分析了約束阻尼層損耗因子與系統(tǒng)的最優(yōu)匹配區(qū)域,為下一步的鏜桿設(shè)計(jì)及性能仿真提供基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)變剛度-約束阻尼型減振鏜桿數(shù)學(xué)模型,設(shè)計(jì)了具有剛度可調(diào)系統(tǒng)的約束阻尼減振鏜桿。分析了普通鏜桿、動(dòng)力減振鏜桿、變剛度-約束減振鏜桿的幅頻特性和減振塊、橡膠圈、阻尼油、外壁厚度4個(gè)主要因素對(duì)鏜桿減振性能的影響,在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)、制造了變剛度-約束阻尼減振鏜桿,基于有限元理論仿真分析得出了最佳加工參數(shù)。根據(jù)變剛度-約束阻尼型減振鏜桿剛度調(diào)節(jié)的需要,采用最小二乘法進(jìn)行了實(shí)時(shí)在線(xiàn)辨識(shí),采用模糊PID控制器實(shí)現(xiàn)了電機(jī)高精度的伺服控制,通過(guò)ASMEsim平臺(tái)驗(yàn)證了控制方案的可行性,仿真結(jié)果表明:支撐剛度的變化可以改變刀尖振動(dòng)趨于穩(wěn)定的時(shí)間,提高系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)速度。為了驗(yàn)證變剛度-約束阻尼型減振鏜桿的有效性,分析了變剛度-約束阻尼減振鏜桿的實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)B(tài),進(jìn)行了三種鏜桿鏜削對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了切削參數(shù)(切削速度、進(jìn)給量、背吃刀量等)對(duì)減振性能的影響規(guī)律,分析變剛度-約束阻尼減振鏜桿剛度變化對(duì)鏜桿減振性能的影響規(guī)律,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了第二章所建立模型的準(zhǔn)確性及通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)吸振器剛度k2實(shí)現(xiàn)減振鏜桿振動(dòng)特性的調(diào)節(jié),最終實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)減振鏜桿減小振動(dòng)降低振幅的目的。通過(guò)變剛度-約束阻尼減振鏜桿設(shè)計(jì)及鏜桿動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析,提出變剛度約束阻尼減振方法,研究了變剛度控制理論,為深孔加工專(zhuān)用減振鏜桿的研制奠定了基礎(chǔ),為動(dòng)力吸振技術(shù)的研究提供了新的分析方法。
[Abstract]:In the cutting process, the system is unstable and the machining quality is reduced because of the system rigidity problem. The long suspension of boring bar in deep hole boring process leads to dynamic stiffness and static stiffness decrease, especially if the boring bar has a large length and diameter, the stiffness of boring bar will be smaller, and the process of machining will inevitably bring unexpected violent vibration. How to adjust dynamic stiffness and suppress vibration in deep hole machining has become a new concern. This paper analyzes the research status of passive control type vibration absorption boring bar and active control vibration absorption boring bar at home and abroad, and puts forward the design of variable stiffness and constrained damping type vibration absorption boring bar. The dynamic model of variable stiffness and constrained damping vibration absorption boring bar is established, and the structural design, simulation and stiffness regulation control are carried out according to the model. The main research contents are as follows: according to the structural characteristics and vibration absorption characteristics of variable stiffness and constrained damping type damping boring bar, a simplified mathematical model of constrained damp-dynamic damping boring bar system is established. The optimal frequency ratio, optimal damping ratio and optimal stiffness ratio are analyzed. The optimal matching region between the constrained damping layer loss factor and the system is analyzed, which provides the basis for the design and performance simulation of the boring bar in the next step. Based on the mathematical model of variable stiffness and constrained damping type vibration absorption boring bar, a constrained damping damping boring bar with adjustable stiffness is designed. This paper analyzes the amplitude and frequency characteristics of ordinary boring bar, dynamic vibration absorption boring bar and variable stiffness constraint vibration absorption boring bar, and the effects of four main factors, such as damping block, rubber ring, damping oil and outer wall thickness, on the vibration absorption performance of boring bar. The variable stiffness and constrained damping vibration absorption boring bar is manufactured, and the optimum machining parameters are obtained based on the finite element theory simulation analysis. According to the need of adjusting the stiffness of variable stiffness and constrained damping damping boring bar, the method of least square is used to identify the stiffness of boring bar in real time, and the fuzzy PID controller is used to realize the servo control of motor with high precision. The feasibility of the control scheme is verified by ASMEsim platform. The simulation results show that the change of support stiffness can change the time when the vibration of the blade tip tends to be stable and improve the response speed of the system. In order to verify the effectiveness of the variable stiffness and constrained damping type vibration absorption boring bar, the experimental modes of the variable stiffness and constrained damping boring bar are analyzed, three kinds of boring experiments are carried out, and the cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate) are studied. The influence law on vibration absorption performance of boring rod with variable stiffness and constraint damping is analyzed, and the influence law on vibration absorption performance of boring bar with variable stiffness and constraint damping is analyzed. The veracity of the model established in the second chapter is verified by experiments, and the vibration characteristics of the damping boring bar can be adjusted by adjusting the vibration absorber stiffness k2. Finally, the purpose of reducing the vibration and reducing the amplitude of the vibration of the damping boring bar is achieved. Based on the design of variable stiffness constrained damping damping boring bar and the analysis of dynamic characteristics of boring bar, the method of variable stiffness constrained damping damping damping is put forward, and the theory of variable stiffness control is studied, which lays a foundation for the development of special vibration absorption boring bar for deep hole machining. It provides a new analytical method for the study of dynamic vibration absorption technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG53

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