本文選題：太陽能選擇吸收光熱涂層 + MPPMS　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了緩解能源供給緊張的問題,人們在竭盡所能地合理高效利用現(xiàn)有能源的同時不斷開發(fā)新能源。太陽能是一種含量豐富且無污染的天然能源,是國際公認的競爭力巨大的未來能源之一。目前科研工作者已開發(fā)出多種太陽能利用的方式,其中太陽能光熱轉(zhuǎn)換技術(shù)是最簡單、直接的能量轉(zhuǎn)換方法,該技術(shù)發(fā)展較早且應(yīng)用廣泛。如今,太陽能熱水器已普遍參與到大多數(shù)家庭的日常生活中,是商業(yè)化水平最高的太陽能熱利用技術(shù)。太陽能的能量密度較低,即品質(zhì)不高,因此必須利用太陽能集熱器等技術(shù)來提高光熱轉(zhuǎn)換率,從而實現(xiàn)太陽能的充分有效利用,而太陽能選擇性吸收光熱涂層是太陽能集熱器的主要組成,為了提高光熱轉(zhuǎn)換效率,光熱涂層應(yīng)在太陽光范圍內(nèi)盡可能增加吸收,而在紅外波長范圍內(nèi)盡可能降低自身熱輻射。同時光熱涂層的耐候性也是太陽能利用中不容忽視的問題,它決定了太陽能熱水器的耐久性和穩(wěn)定性。因此,我們需要對已有的工藝進行不斷地優(yōu)化,開發(fā)更優(yōu)的工藝技術(shù),制備出具有優(yōu)異的光學(xué)性能及耐候性能的太陽能選擇性吸收光熱涂層�；谝陨媳尘�,利用可調(diào)脈沖高功率反應(yīng)磁控濺射技術(shù)(MPPMS)在鐵素體不銹鋼(SS)基體上沉積Cu/TiN/TiSiN/SiN太陽能選擇性吸收光熱涂層(SSACs)。在此系統(tǒng)中,Cu、TiN、TiSiN和SiN分別用作紅外反射層、主吸收層、次吸收層和減反層。在優(yōu)化工藝參數(shù)條件下制備的SS/Cu/TiN/TiSiN/SiN光熱涂層,其平均吸收率為0.944和平均發(fā)射率為0.057,α/ε值為16.02。另一方面,采用同一工藝參數(shù)制備了不含Cu層的光熱涂層,即SS/TiN/TiSiN/SiN,該涂層顯示出與含Cu涂層相似的吸收率(～0.95),但是發(fā)射率較高,整體的選擇性吸收性能不好。同時,X射線衍射分析表明,Cu層是多晶結(jié)構(gòu),而TiN、TiSiN和SiN各層均是非晶結(jié)構(gòu)。為驗證光熱涂層的耐溫性能,將太陽能選擇性吸收光熱涂層樣品分別進行了真空和空氣環(huán)境的耐溫測試。在真空環(huán)境中分別加熱到500℃、600℃和700℃,保溫2小時,其中在500℃條件下,其光熱吸收性能無明顯變化;而在空氣環(huán)境中,分別在200℃、250℃、300℃和350℃下保溫2小時,其中溫度高達250℃時,涂層仍能保持較好的選擇性吸收性能,300℃時其光熱性能開始下降。采用原子力顯微鏡(AFM)圖像和XRD光譜來研究不同水平耐溫測試下涂層的表面形貌和顯微結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,更進一步證明了 SS/Cu/TiN/TiSiN/SiN光熱涂層具有優(yōu)異的耐溫性能。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the shortage of energy supply, people try their best to make rational and efficient use of existing energy and develop new energy. Solar energy is a kind of rich and pollution-free natural energy, which is one of the internationally recognized competitive energy sources in the future. At present, researchers have developed a variety of solar energy utilization methods, among which the solar photothermal conversion technology is the simplest and direct energy conversion method, the technology has been developed earlier and widely used. Nowadays, solar water heaters are widely used in most families and are the most commercialized solar thermal technologies. The energy density of solar energy is low, that is, the quality is not high, so it is necessary to use solar collector and other technologies to improve the conversion rate of light and heat, so as to realize the full and effective utilization of solar energy. The solar selective absorption photothermal coating is the main component of solar collector. In order to improve the photothermal conversion efficiency, the photothermal coating should increase the absorption in the range of solar light as much as possible, and reduce its own thermal radiation as much as possible in the range of infrared wavelength. At the same time, the weathering resistance of photothermal coating is also a problem that can not be ignored in solar energy utilization, which determines the durability and stability of solar water heater. Therefore, we need to optimize the existing processes and develop better technology to prepare solar selective absorption photothermal coatings with excellent optical properties and weathering resistance. Based on the above background, Cu/TiN/TiSiN/SiN solar selective photothermal absorption coating was deposited on ferrite stainless steel (SS) substrate by adjustable pulse high power reactive magnetron sputtering (MPPMS) technique. In this system, TiSiN and SiN are used as infrared reflectance layer, main absorption layer, secondary absorption layer and antireflection layer, respectively. The average absorptivity, average emissivity and 偽 / 蔚 value of SS/Cu/TiN/TiSiN/SiN photothermal coating were 0.944, 0.057 and 16.02, respectively. On the other hand, the photothermal coating without Cu layer was prepared by using the same process parameters. The coating shows a similar absorptivity to that of Cu containing coating, but its emissivity is high and the overall selective absorption property is not good. At the same time, X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the Cu layer is polycrystalline, while the TiSiN and SiN layers are amorphous. In order to verify the thermal resistance of photothermal coatings, the samples of solar selective absorption photothermal coatings were tested in vacuum and air environment respectively. They were heated to 500 鈩，

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