本文選題：無損檢測技術(shù)　切入點(diǎn)：傳感器優(yōu)化　出處：《天津工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展,金屬零件應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)域越來越廣泛。在大型的工業(yè)設(shè)備和飛機(jī)、兵器等重要的現(xiàn)代機(jī)械和國防軍工產(chǎn)品中,金屬零件的質(zhì)量和使用狀態(tài)備受關(guān)注。在制造金屬零件時(shí),由于工業(yè)設(shè)備、生產(chǎn)狀態(tài)、工業(yè)材料等因素的影響會(huì)造成產(chǎn)品表面或近表面產(chǎn)生微小缺陷。且當(dāng)工作環(huán)境長期處于高溫、高壓和容易遭到腐蝕的情況下,具有金屬零件的工業(yè)設(shè)備容易產(chǎn)生疲勞損傷。因此對于金屬零件的表面、近表面的缺陷檢測和預(yù)防十分重要,是防止工業(yè)損傷和人員傷亡的有效措施。因此,本文在對比幾種無損檢測技術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和適用范圍之后,選擇了適合金屬零件的渦流陣列無損檢測技術(shù),并對檢測技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵問題進(jìn)行了研究。主要研究如下:1.由于傳統(tǒng)渦流無損檢測傳感器的檢測速度和檢測精度有限,本文基于金屬零件設(shè)計(jì)了一種相鄰雙線圈激勵(lì)模式的六線圈渦流陣列無損檢測系統(tǒng),從多個(gè)角度檢測微小缺陷對電磁場的影響。采用COMSOLMultiphysics軟件仿真電磁場的分布情況,通過靈敏度系數(shù)和空間分辨率指標(biāo)分析傳感器尺寸對傳感器的影響程度,從而設(shè)計(jì)一種針對被測試件高靈敏度檢測的渦流陣列傳感器。2.由于一維渦流信號只具有渦流系統(tǒng)部分的、粗略的特征,直接對渦流信號進(jìn)行分析并不能對缺陷進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確辨識,本文提出使用混沌動(dòng)力學(xué)方法對渦流信號進(jìn)行分析。通過相空間重構(gòu)將一維的渦流信號恢復(fù)成多維的渦流信號,以恢復(fù)出渦流系統(tǒng)蘊(yùn)藏的信息。再通過最大李雅普諾夫指數(shù)、K熵和關(guān)聯(lián)維數(shù)揭示渦流信號具有混沌動(dòng)力學(xué)特性。3.本文提出了一種熵檢測算法對渦流信號的缺陷尺寸和形狀進(jìn)行辨識的方法。通過窗函數(shù)對渦流信號進(jìn)行聚焦,增加傳感器對電磁場局部區(qū)域的靈敏程度。將相空間重構(gòu)和近似熵、模糊熵算法結(jié)合,將缺陷信息與渦流信號的復(fù)雜度對應(yīng),實(shí)現(xiàn)對缺陷大小以及形狀的準(zhǔn)確辨識。分析結(jié)果表明,隨著缺陷體積的增加,熵增大,渦流信號的復(fù)雜度增加。根據(jù)對不同形狀缺陷的渦流信號的分析,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對孔、洞、裂縫三種缺陷進(jìn)行較精確的辨識。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern industry and science and technology, the application of metal parts is becoming more and more extensive. In the large-scale industrial equipment and aircraft, weapons and other important modern machinery and defense military products, The quality and state of use of metal parts are of great concern. In manufacturing metal parts, due to the industrial equipment, the state of production, The effects of factors such as industrial materials can cause minor defects on or near the surface of the product. And when the working environment is long in high temperature, high pressure and vulnerable to corrosion, Industrial equipment with metal parts is prone to fatigue damage. Therefore, for the surface of metal parts, it is very important to detect and prevent defects near the surface. It is an effective measure to prevent industrial damage and casualties. After comparing the advantages and disadvantages and the applicable range of several nondestructive testing techniques, the eddy current array nondestructive testing technology suitable for metal parts is selected in this paper. And the key problems of the detection technology are studied. The main research is as follows: 1. Because of the limited detection speed and precision of the traditional eddy current nondestructive testing sensor, Based on metal parts, a six-coil eddy current array nondestructive testing system with adjacent double-coil excitation mode is designed to detect the influence of small defects on electromagnetic field from many angles. The distribution of electromagnetic field is simulated by COMSOLMultiphysics software. The influence of sensor size on sensor is analyzed by sensitivity coefficient and spatial resolution index. Therefore, a eddy current array sensor with high sensitivity for the tested parts is designed. Because the one-dimensional eddy current signal has only the rough features of the eddy current system, the direct analysis of the eddy current signal can not accurately identify the defects. In this paper, the chaotic dynamics method is used to analyze the eddy current signal. The one-dimensional eddy current signal is restored to a multi-dimensional eddy current signal by the reconstruction of the phase space. In order to recover the information contained in the eddy current system, the maximum Lyapunov exponent K entropy and the correlation dimension reveal that the eddy current signal has chaotic dynamic characteristics. 3. In this paper, an entropy detection algorithm for the defect scale of eddy current signal is proposed. A method of identifying an inch and a shape. A window function is used to focus the eddy current signal. Combining phase space reconstruction with approximate entropy and fuzzy entropy algorithm, the defect information is matched with the complexity of eddy current signal. The results show that with the increase of defect volume, entropy increases and the complexity of eddy current signal increases. According to the analysis of eddy current signal with different shape defects, the hole and hole can be realized. Three kinds of cracks are identified accurately.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG115.28

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本文編號：1666405