本文選題：自由曲面　切入點(diǎn)：快速刀具伺服　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：快速刀具伺服(Fast tool servo,以下簡稱FTS)是安裝在車床上的一種輔助運(yùn)動(dòng)軸,不僅可實(shí)現(xiàn)刀具沿x或z軸的快速往復(fù)直線運(yùn)動(dòng),也可實(shí)現(xiàn)刀具繞B軸的快速往復(fù)擺動(dòng)。在此“快速”是一個(gè)相對的概念,主要是指比傳統(tǒng)上直接利用車床的運(yùn)動(dòng)軸作往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)可以獲得更高的運(yùn)動(dòng)頻率;“伺服”則是強(qiáng)調(diào)對刀具的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡進(jìn)行跟蹤控制。FTS主要涉及如下三個(gè)方面的工程應(yīng)用:(1)車削具有非回轉(zhuǎn)對稱性的軸類或孔類零件。(2)車削具有非回轉(zhuǎn)對稱性的光學(xué)自由曲面或微結(jié)構(gòu)表面零件。(3)主動(dòng)補(bǔ)償車床的綜合誤差,尤其是非單調(diào)的動(dòng)態(tài)誤差成分,可有效解決機(jī)床大慣性運(yùn)動(dòng)軸無法快速往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的問題以及運(yùn)動(dòng)軸誤差補(bǔ)償時(shí)誤差發(fā)散為題。采用快速刀具伺服(FTS)的車削加工系統(tǒng)主要是用于精密或超精密加工,對工件的加工表面質(zhì)量有更高的要求,因此對切削力的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理和建模過程有必要進(jìn)行更為透徹的研究。建立有效的切削力模型將有助于更好的讓人們了解伺服切削過程、刀具的磨損機(jī)制,同時(shí)對快速刀具伺服切削加工、設(shè)計(jì)有著重要的指導(dǎo)意義�？焖俚毒咚欧囅髋c傳統(tǒng)車削存在很大不同,主要差異總結(jié)為如下兩個(gè)方面:(1)快速、往復(fù)變化的交變切削力。其中變化體現(xiàn)在切削力的方向與切削厚度兩個(gè)方面;(2)快速刀具伺服車削的切削用量很小,往往在微納米級(jí),因此刀尖的鈍圓半徑與刃口圓弧對切削力以及切削表面將產(chǎn)生重大影響。針對以上所提出的問題,本論文的主要包括以下工作內(nèi)容:1、根據(jù)快速刀具伺服的切削過程及切削特點(diǎn),建立了一種引入刀尖圓弧、刀尖鈍圓的基于正交切削的復(fù)合切削力模型,即在不同的切削深度利用不同的切削機(jī)理對切削力進(jìn)行預(yù)測。分別對刀具前刀面、刀尖鈍圓上半部分和刀尖鈍圓下半部分利用解析法得到切削力的預(yù)測值。2、基于切削力的理論模型對切削力進(jìn)行了Matlab仿真,同時(shí)也分析了模型中各個(gè)參數(shù)對切削力變化的影響大小。從數(shù)值分析的角度初步驗(yàn)證了切削力模型的準(zhǔn)確性和合理變化趨勢。3、設(shè)計(jì)了一種帶有測量切削力功能的單自由度FTS,解決了在FTS切削過程中切削力測量困難及不準(zhǔn)確的問題,由于本文設(shè)計(jì)FTS的初衷是為了通過實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證模型的準(zhǔn)確性,因此測力FTS的實(shí)用性和可靠性就必須得到保證。單自由度的設(shè)計(jì)相對于兩自由度、三自由度FTS的可靠性將有很大提高。本文所設(shè)計(jì)的FTS通過合理的布置壓力傳感器的位置,能有效測量Y向(主切削力方向)切削力,因此相比其他測力FTS,有效、準(zhǔn)確的測量Y向切削力將更有意義。
[Abstract]:Fast tool Servo (FTS) is a kind of auxiliary motion shaft installed on lathe, which can not only realize the fast reciprocating straight line motion of the tool along x or z axis. It is also possible to realize the rapid reciprocating and swinging of the tool around the B axis. In this case, "fast" is a relative concept. "Servo" is an engineering that emphasizes tracking and controlling the movement path of the tool. FTS mainly involves the following three aspects. Using 1) turning shafts or holes with non-rotational symmetry.) turning optical free-form surfaces with non-rotational symmetry or micro-structural surface parts. 3) actively compensating the synthetic error of lathe. Especially the nonmonotone dynamic error components, It can effectively solve the problem that the large inertia moving shaft of machine tool can not move quickly and the error divergence when the error of moving shaft is compensated. The turning system with fast tool servo FTS is mainly used for precision or ultra-precision machining. It is necessary to make a more thorough study on the mechanism of cutting force and the modeling process because of the higher quality of machined surface of the workpiece. Establishing an effective cutting force model will help people to understand the servo cutting process better. The wear mechanism of the tool is also of great significance to the design of the servo cutting of the fast cutting tool. There is a great difference between the servo turning of the fast tool and the traditional turning. The main difference is summarized as follows: 1) fast. Reciprocating alternating cutting force. The change is reflected in the direction and thickness of the cutting force) the cutting parameters of the fast tool servo turning are very small, often at the micro and nanometer level. Therefore, the radius of blunt circle and the arc of cutting edge have great influence on the cutting force and cutting surface. In view of the above mentioned problems, this paper mainly includes the following work contents: 1, according to the cutting process and cutting characteristics of the rapid cutting tool servo, A compound cutting force model based on orthogonal cutting is established, which introduces the arc of the tool tip and blunt circle of the cutter tip, that is, the cutting force is predicted by using different cutting mechanism at different cutting depth. The prediction value of cutting force is obtained by analytic method. The cutting force is simulated by Matlab based on the theoretical model of cutting force. At the same time, the influence of each parameter of the model on the cutting force change is analyzed. The accuracy and reasonable change trend of the cutting force model are preliminarily verified from the point of view of numerical analysis, and a kind of cutting force measuring function is designed. The single degree of freedom FTS solves the difficulty and inaccuracy of measuring cutting force in FTS cutting process. Since the original intention of this paper is to verify the accuracy of the model by the experimental method, the practicability and reliability of the force-measuring FTS must be guaranteed. The design of single degree of freedom is relative to that of two degrees of freedom. The reliability of 3-DOF FTS will be greatly improved. The FTS designed in this paper can effectively measure the cutting force in Y direction (in the direction of main cutting force) by reasonably arranging the position of the pressure sensor. Accurate measurement of Y cutting force will be more meaningful.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TG51

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本文編號(hào)：1603879