本文關(guān)鍵詞： 圓盤式刀庫 LabVIEW 狀態(tài)監(jiān)測 支持向量回歸 故障預(yù)警　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：圓盤式刀庫作為數(shù)控機(jī)床關(guān)鍵功能部件之一,其工作狀態(tài)直接影響了整機(jī)的可靠性。對圓盤式刀庫在可靠性臺架試驗中的狀態(tài)監(jiān)測及故障預(yù)警進(jìn)行研究,有助于及時掌握其狀態(tài)變化趨勢、制定合理的維修策略以及提升可靠性,同時對提高圓盤式刀庫可靠性試驗系統(tǒng)自動化水平有著重要的實踐意義,是數(shù)控機(jī)床可靠性方面的重要研究內(nèi)容。本文以國產(chǎn)圓盤式刀庫為研究對象,結(jié)合實驗室搭建完成的圓盤式刀庫可靠性試驗系統(tǒng),在分析了圓盤式刀庫主要故障模式、狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方案、虛擬儀器和Lab VIEW功能特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,與相關(guān)的硬件系統(tǒng)相結(jié)合開發(fā)了基于Lab VIEW的圓盤式刀庫狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng);提出了信號降噪和電機(jī)堵轉(zhuǎn)報警方法,同時,以機(jī)械手轉(zhuǎn)位偏差故障為典型研究對象,使用基于遺傳算法優(yōu)化的支持向量回歸實現(xiàn)預(yù)警,并通過多組實驗驗證了本文所研究方法的可行性。本文主要研究工作如下:1.基于NI Compact RIO的圓盤式刀庫狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)加工中心現(xiàn)場可靠性試驗數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計結(jié)果,圓盤式刀庫故障在整機(jī)中占有較高的比例,結(jié)合故障樹分析確定出圓盤式刀庫主要故障模式,并以此為依據(jù)建立狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)框架。提出了傳感器監(jiān)測點(diǎn)確定原則和方法,選用合適的傳感器并配置于圓盤式刀庫可靠性試驗系統(tǒng)中,以NI c RIO-9035作為狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)硬件基礎(chǔ),選用合適的C系列模塊組成狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),并對傳感器及監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中各硬件的性能參數(shù)進(jìn)行了介紹。2.軟件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)。對虛擬儀器和Lab VIEW的基本概念以及主要特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了介紹,使用Lab VIEW開發(fā)了一套全面、實用的圓盤式刀庫狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)了FPGA、RT與Windows間的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞、顯示、存儲以及故障報警功能,并給出了該系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)、功能、軟件操作和程序框圖。3.圓盤式刀庫故障預(yù)警方法研究。因?qū)嶋H獲取的時域信號噪聲較多,為提高故障預(yù)警的準(zhǔn)確性,本文提出一種改進(jìn)的相鄰系數(shù)法實現(xiàn)對圓盤式刀庫狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)獲取到的振動信號進(jìn)行降噪處理;在完成電機(jī)定子電流分析和故障分析的基礎(chǔ)上,通過建立電流能量隨時間的變化趨勢,有效地區(qū)分了啟動電流和堵轉(zhuǎn)電流,實現(xiàn)電機(jī)堵轉(zhuǎn)報警;在故障預(yù)警方法研究中,分析了圓盤式刀庫振動機(jī)理,指出在圓盤式刀庫換刀過程中振動信號時域特征參數(shù)更能明顯地反應(yīng)換刀狀態(tài)變化,并以機(jī)械手轉(zhuǎn)位偏差故障為典型研究對象,基于支持向量回歸建立了機(jī)械手轉(zhuǎn)位偏差預(yù)警模型,利用遺傳算法對模型中回歸誤差懲罰因子和核寬度參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。4.實驗及數(shù)據(jù)分析。運(yùn)用本文所研制的狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測及預(yù)警實驗,證明了所提出和選用的信號降噪、電機(jī)堵轉(zhuǎn)故障報警以及機(jī)械手轉(zhuǎn)位偏差預(yù)警方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:As one of the key functional components of CNC machine tool, the working state of disc cutter library has a direct impact on the reliability of the whole machine. It is helpful to grasp the trend of state change in time, to formulate reasonable maintenance strategy and to improve reliability. At the same time, it is of great practical significance to improve the automation level of reliability test system of disc type cutter storehouse. It is an important research content of NC machine tool reliability. In this paper, the main failure modes of disc cutter storehouse are analyzed by taking the domestic disc cutter library as the research object, and combining with the reliability test system of the disc cutter database built in the laboratory. Based on the design scheme of state monitoring system, virtual instrument and Lab VIEW, the paper develops a disc cutter database condition monitoring system based on Lab VIEW, and presents signal noise reduction and motor shutoff alarm method. At the same time, taking the fault of manipulator transposition deviation as the typical research object, the support vector regression based on genetic algorithm optimization is used to realize the early warning. The feasibility of this method is verified by many experiments. The main research work of this paper is as follows: 1. Based on NI Compact RIO, the status monitoring system of disc cutter storehouse is developed. According to the statistical results of field reliability test data of machining center, The failure of disc cutter storehouse occupies a high proportion in the whole machine. According to the fault tree analysis, the main failure mode of disc cutter storehouse is determined, and the frame of state monitoring system is established based on it. The principle and method of sensor monitoring point determination are put forward. The appropriate sensor is selected and configured in the reliability test system of disc cutter storehouse. The hardware of the system is based on NI c RIO-9035, and the appropriate C series modules are selected to constitute the status monitoring system. Secondly, the design and implementation of software system are introduced. The basic concepts and main features of virtual instrument and Lab VIEW are introduced, and a set of comprehensive development with Lab VIEW is developed. The practical disk cutter database condition monitoring system realizes the functions of data transfer, display, storage and fault alarm between FPGA RT and Windows, and gives the structure and function of the system. Software operation and program block diagram .3.Research on disc cutter storehouse fault warning method. In order to improve the accuracy of fault warning, the noise of time domain signal acquired in practice is much more. In this paper, an improved adjacent coefficient method is proposed to reduce the noise of vibration signals obtained from the disk cutter database condition monitoring system, and on the basis of the analysis of stator current and fault analysis of the motor, By establishing the trend of current energy changing with time, the starting current and the blocking current are effectively distinguished, and the motor shutoff alarm is realized. In the research of fault warning method, the vibration mechanism of disc knife storehouse is analyzed. It is pointed out that the time domain characteristic parameters of vibration signal can more obviously reflect the change of tool changing state in the process of changing the cutter in the disc cutter storehouse, and the typical research object is the fault of the displacement deviation of the manipulator. Based on support vector regression, an early warning model of manipulator transposition deviation is established. The regression error penalty factor and kernel width parameters in the model are optimized by genetic algorithm. Experiments and data analysis are carried out. The state monitoring system developed in this paper is used for monitoring and early warning experiments, and it is proved that the proposed and selected signals are de-noised. The feasibility of the alarm method of motor shutoff fault and the early warning method of manipulator transposition deviation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG659

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本文編號：1540461