本文關(guān)鍵詞： 航空透明件 風砂 聚氨酯 耐候性　出處：《中國建筑材料科學(xué)研究總院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：航空透明件在使用過程中存在風砂沖蝕磨損的問題,嚴重影響透明件使用,但是,目前已有的防護手段無法滿足航空透明件防護的使用要求。本論文通過研發(fā)綜合性能滿足使用要求的聚氨酯涂層,解決航空透明件的風砂防護問題。根據(jù)使用環(huán)境確定性能要求,結(jié)合有機材料風砂沖蝕和聚氨酯材料的研究,確定以己二異氰酸酯縮二脲(N-75)、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚四氫呋喃二醇(PTMG)、聚醚330(N-330)、三羥甲基丙烷(TMP)和羥基丙烯酸樹脂為原料,采用雙組份預(yù)聚體的方法制備聚氨酯涂層。本論文設(shè)計了兩條工藝路線:路線一,首先制備OH封端聚氨酯預(yù)聚體,然后將預(yù)聚體和羥基丙烯酸樹脂混合,再將混合溶液與N-75混合,加熱固化制備涂層;路線二,制備NCO封端聚氨酯預(yù)聚體,將預(yù)聚體直接與羥基丙烯酸樹脂混合,加熱固化制備涂層。實驗結(jié)果表明,采用路線一制備的涂層存在嚴重開裂問題,且通過配方和工藝調(diào)整難以消除;路線二通過原料和配比調(diào)整,成功制備出透光度高于90%,霧度小于1%的涂層。在制備過程中,使用流平助劑來消除涂層表面缺陷,并對流平助劑的種類和用量進行了考察,發(fā)現(xiàn)使用質(zhì)量分數(shù)0.05%的有機硅丙烯酸共聚物類流平劑A可以獲得良好表面狀態(tài)的涂層。通過紫外光輻照和去離子水浸泡的方式對已制備的涂層進行耐候性考察,實驗結(jié)果表明:涂層耐水性能優(yōu)異,但耐紫外性能不足;采用TMP為原料的涂層相比于使用N-330為原料的涂層耐候性較好。通過使用抗紫外老化助劑,成功解決涂層耐紫外性不足的問題。其中制備的PU-TA-51S涂層在一系列老化測試中性能優(yōu)異,滿足航空透明件防護涂層的耐候性需要。針對涂層抗風砂性能的研究中,對涂層厚度和抗風砂性能進行了測試,發(fā)現(xiàn)厚度在200μm以下時,隨厚度增加,抗風砂性能上升;厚度在200μm以上時,厚度變化對涂層抗風砂性能幾乎沒有影響。通過改變羥基丙烯酸樹脂含量,制備不同機械性能的聚氨酯涂層。觀察風砂實驗中涂層表面破壞狀態(tài),以及進行靜態(tài)力學(xué)和動態(tài)力學(xué)測試來研究涂層產(chǎn)生不同抗風砂性能的原因。經(jīng)過一系列的研究,本論文成功制備符合航空透明件防護使用要求的聚氨酯涂層,該涂層同時具有透明、耐候、抗風砂等性能,同時,使用時操作簡便,適用性強。
[Abstract]:Air sand erosion wear problem exists in the process of use of aviation transparent parts, which seriously affects the use of transparent parts, however. The existing protective measures can not meet the requirements of aviation transparent parts protection. This paper through the development of comprehensive properties to meet the requirements of the use of polyurethane coatings. To solve the problem of air sand protection for aviation transparent parts. According to the performance requirements of the application environment, combined with the study of organic materials, wind sand erosion and polyurethane materials, the N-75 diisocyanate biuret was determined. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDIN), polytetrahydrofuranediol (PTMGN), polyether (330o N-330N), trimethylolpropane (TMP) and hydroxy acrylic resin were used as raw materials. Polyurethane coating was prepared by two-component prepolymer. In this paper, two technological routes were designed: firstly, OH terminated polyurethane prepolymer was prepared, then the prepolymer was mixed with hydroxyl acrylic resin. Then the mixed solution was mixed with N-75, and the coating was prepared by heating and curing. The second route is to prepare NCO capped polyurethane prepolymer. The prepolymer is mixed directly with hydroxyl acrylic resin and the coating is prepared by heating curing. The experimental results show that the coating prepared by route one has serious cracking problem. And it is difficult to eliminate by formula and process adjustment. Through the adjustment of raw material and ratio, the coating with transmittance higher than 90 and fog less than 1% was successfully prepared. In the process of preparation, the surface defects of the coating were eliminated by using leveling agent. The types and dosage of convection leveling auxiliaries were investigated. It was found that a good surface state coating could be obtained by using silicone acrylic acid copolymer flattening agent A with mass fraction 0.05%. Weathering resistance of the prepared coating was studied by UV irradiation and deionized water immersion. Sexual investigation. The experimental results show that the water resistance of the coating is excellent, but the UV resistance is insufficient. The weathering resistance of the coating using TMP as raw material is better than that of using N-330 as raw material. The problem of low UV resistance of the coating was successfully solved, in which the PU-TA-51S coating had excellent performance in a series of aging tests. In order to meet the requirement of weathering resistance of aviation transparent parts protective coating, the thickness of coating and the property of anti-wind sand were tested in the study of the coating's wind-resistant sand properties. It was found that the thickness of coating increased with the thickness of the coating when the thickness was below 200 渭 m. The property of wind-resistant sand is improved; When the thickness is more than 200 渭 m, the change of thickness has little effect on the wind resistance of the coating, and the content of hydroxyl acrylic resin is changed by changing the content of hydroxyl acrylic resin. Polyurethane coatings with different mechanical properties were prepared. Through a series of studies, the polyurethane coatings which meet the requirements of aviation transparent parts protection are successfully prepared. The coating also has the properties of transparency, weathering resistance, wind sand resistance and so on. At the same time, it is easy to operate and has strong applicability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國建筑材料科學(xué)研究總院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：V252;TG174.4

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