本文關(guān)鍵詞： 數(shù)控機(jī)床 幾何誤差 誤差綜合模型 誤差補(bǔ)償　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前,數(shù)控機(jī)床在裝備制造業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展中扮演著舉足輕重的角色,它的精度通常代表著制造業(yè)的發(fā)展水平。組成數(shù)控機(jī)床的各運(yùn)動(dòng)部件在制造和裝配過(guò)程中不可避免地產(chǎn)生幾何誤差,這嚴(yán)重影響了其最終的加工精度。因此本文將著重研究數(shù)控機(jī)床直線軸幾何誤差的建模、測(cè)量、辨識(shí)與補(bǔ)償?shù)姆椒?開(kāi)發(fā)了一套基于MATLAB的直線軸誤差辨識(shí)與補(bǔ)償軟件,并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。本文對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床幾何誤差源進(jìn)行分析,根據(jù)垂直度和直線度誤差的定義,將數(shù)控機(jī)床直線軸通常認(rèn)為的二十一項(xiàng)幾何誤差中的垂直度代入到直線度誤差中,使其組成18項(xiàng)新的幾何運(yùn)動(dòng)誤差項(xiàng)。新的18項(xiàng)幾何誤差造成機(jī)床刀尖點(diǎn)與工件點(diǎn)相對(duì)位移的偏差值即為幾何誤差量。結(jié)合數(shù)控機(jī)床的運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞關(guān)系,采用齊次坐標(biāo)變換矩陣建立新的誤差綜合模型。在誤差綜合模型基礎(chǔ)上,忽略高階誤差項(xiàng),建立幾何誤差元素模型與誤差量的簡(jiǎn)化函數(shù)關(guān)系�；谛碌恼`差綜合模型的簡(jiǎn)化式,本文改進(jìn)分步辨識(shí)法辨識(shí)機(jī)床各直線軸位置誤差和直線度誤差。接著通過(guò)誤差元素定義解算出垂直度和單向轉(zhuǎn)角誤差。推導(dǎo)幾何誤差元素與圓軌跡徑向誤差量映射關(guān)系檢測(cè)辨識(shí)新誤差項(xiàng)的合理性。本文使用Hedenhain KGM181平面光柵為數(shù)控機(jī)床誤差量測(cè)量工具,結(jié)合辨識(shí)和測(cè)量原理,開(kāi)發(fā)出集測(cè)量、辨識(shí)和補(bǔ)償為一體的軟件,并在XOY平面對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床進(jìn)行新的分步辨識(shí),成功辨識(shí)出主要誤差元素模型,同時(shí)結(jié)合Renishaw XL-80激光干涉儀進(jìn)行位置誤差的驗(yàn)證�；谛碌恼`差綜合模型,本文提出了一種直線段分段補(bǔ)償策略,開(kāi)發(fā)了幾何誤差補(bǔ)償模塊。并在XOY平面內(nèi),使用平面光柵進(jìn)行定位補(bǔ)償驗(yàn)證和六邊形路徑補(bǔ)償。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本文對(duì)直線軸的辨識(shí)與補(bǔ)償所提出的策略提高了數(shù)控機(jī)床誤差補(bǔ)償?shù)臏?zhǔn)確性和快速性。
[Abstract]:At present, NC machine tools play an important role in the continuous development of the equipment manufacturing industry. Its precision usually represents the level of development of the manufacturing industry. Geometric errors are inevitable in the manufacturing and assembly process of the moving parts of the NC machine tools. Therefore, this paper will focus on the modeling, measurement, identification and compensation of geometric errors of linear axis of NC machine tools. A set of linear axis error identification and compensation software based on MATLAB is developed and verified by experiments. The geometric error source of NC machine tool is analyzed and the definition of verticality and straightness error is given in this paper. The verticality of the 21 geometric errors commonly considered by the straight axis of NC machine tools is substituted into the straightness error. The new 18 items of geometric error result in the deviation between the point of cutting point and the point of workpiece is the geometric error, which is combined with the relation of motion transfer of NC machine tool. A new error synthesis model is established by using the homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix, and the higher-order error term is ignored on the basis of the error synthesis model. The simplified function relationship between geometric error element model and error error is established, and the simplified formula based on the new error synthesis model is established. In this paper, the linear axis position error and straightness error of machine tool are identified by improved stepwise identification method. Then the vertical and unidirectional rotation errors are calculated by the definition of error element, and the geometric error elements and radial error mapping of circular trajectory are deduced. The reasonableness of new error term for projective relation detection and identification. This paper uses Hedenhain. KGM181 plane grating is a tool for measuring error of NC machine tools. Combined with the principle of identification and measurement, the software of measurement, identification and compensation is developed, and the main error element model is successfully identified by a new step identification of NC machine tools in the XOY plane. At the same time, the position error of Renishaw XL-80 laser interferometer is verified. Based on the new error synthesis model, a piecewise compensation strategy for straight line segments is proposed. The geometric error compensation module is developed. In the XOY plane, the plane grating is used to verify the positioning compensation and the hexagonal path compensation. The experimental results show that. The strategy proposed in this paper improves the accuracy and rapidity of error compensation for NC machine tools.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TG659

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本文編號(hào)：1458868