發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-10 13:15

【摘要】：單層石墨烯是目前已知最輕最薄的材料,它的理論比表面積、熱導(dǎo)率、楊氏模量、抗拉強(qiáng)度等性能優(yōu)異,是一種應(yīng)用潛力非常廣泛的一種碳材料。由溶膠過(guò)程得到的石墨烯氣凝膠又稱為石墨烯海綿,繼承了石墨烯和氣凝膠高比表面積、高孔隙率和高電導(dǎo)率等優(yōu)點(diǎn),同樣引起了學(xué)術(shù)界的極大關(guān)注和研究。本論文的具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:首先,通過(guò)改良的Hummers法,以天然鱗片石墨為原料制備氧化石墨烯。通過(guò)掃描電鏡、紅外分析、拉曼分析、電導(dǎo)率測(cè)試以及BET比表面積分析、X射線衍射分析等手段進(jìn)行分析與表征。其次,以氧化石墨烯為原料,通過(guò)添加還原劑并進(jìn)行水熱反應(yīng),經(jīng)冷凍干燥后,制備了還原氧化石墨烯氣凝膠。研究了水熱反應(yīng)時(shí)間、水熱溫度以及氧化石墨烯濃度的優(yōu)化條件。以抗壞血酸、硫酸亞鐵、氨硼烷/硫酸亞鐵為還原劑,分別研究了不同還原劑對(duì)氣凝膠的影響。通過(guò)掃描電鏡、接觸角測(cè)試、BET比表面積分析以及拉曼對(duì)石墨烯氣凝膠的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行表征與分析,尋求制備氣凝膠的最優(yōu)條件。并且測(cè)試了不同還原劑氣凝膠對(duì)汽油、氯仿、甲醇、甲苯、DMF的吸附能力。結(jié)果表明以抗壞血酸作為還原劑制備得到的石墨烯氣凝膠對(duì)不同有機(jī)溶劑/油料基本均具有良好的吸收效果,而另外以硫酸亞鐵以及氨硼烷/硫酸亞鐵作還原劑制備得到的石墨烯氣凝膠對(duì)于有機(jī)溶劑/油料的吸附效果明顯弱于前者。最后,利用紫外光譜研究了石墨烯氣凝膠對(duì)各種染料的吸附能力,包括羅丹明B和橙黃G。定量表征了石墨烯氣凝膠對(duì)于染料的吸附過(guò)程,將石墨烯氣凝膠對(duì)于染料的吸附過(guò)程分別進(jìn)行熱力學(xué)以及動(dòng)力學(xué)的擬合。結(jié)果表明,吸附過(guò)程的熱力學(xué)滿足Langmuir單分子吸附熱力學(xué)模型,而動(dòng)力學(xué)滿足偽二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算,以硫酸亞鐵/氨硼烷協(xié)同還原制備得到的石墨烯氣凝膠對(duì)于染料的吸附效果最佳,在環(huán)境治理方面將會(huì)發(fā)揮出巨大的應(yīng)用潛力。
[Abstract]:The single-layer graphene is the most light and thinnest material currently known, and has excellent theoretical specific surface area, thermal conductivity, Young's modulus, tensile strength and the like, and is a kind of carbon material with very wide application potential. The graphene aerogel obtained from the sol process is also called a graphene sponge, and the advantages of high specific surface area, high porosity and high electric conductivity of the graphene and the aerogel are inherited, and the great attention and the research of the academic community are also caused. The specific research contents of this thesis are as follows: First, the graphene oxide is prepared by the modified Hummers method with natural flake graphite as the raw material. By means of scanning electron microscope, infrared analysis, Raman analysis, conductivity test, BET specific surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and so on, the analysis and characterization are carried out. Secondly, taking the graphene oxide as a raw material, adding a reducing agent and performing hydrothermal reaction, and after the freeze-drying, a reduction oxidized graphene aerogel is prepared. The conditions of hydrothermal reaction time, hydrothermal temperature and the concentration of graphene oxide were studied. The effect of different reducing agents on aerogels was studied by using ascorbic acid, ferrous sulfate, ammonia borane/ ferrous sulfate as reducing agent. The structure of the graphene aerogel was characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscope, contact angle test, BET specific surface area analysis and Raman, and the optimal conditions for preparing aerogels were obtained. And the adsorption capacity of different reducing agent aerogel on the gasoline, the chloroform, the methanol, the toluene and the DMF is tested. The results show that the graphene aerogel prepared by using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent has good absorption effect on different organic solvents/ oil materials, And the graphene aerogel prepared by using the ferrous sulfate and the ammonia borane/ ferrous sulfate as a reducing agent is obviously weak in the adsorption effect of the organic solvent/ oil. finally, the adsorption capacity of the graphene aerogel on various dyes, including rhodamine B and orange yellow G, is studied by using the ultraviolet spectrum, and the adsorption process of the graphene aerogel on the dye is quantitatively characterized, The adsorption process of the graphene aerogel for the dye is respectively subjected to thermodynamics and kinetic fitting. The results show that the thermodynamics of the adsorption process can satisfy the Langmuir single-molecule adsorption thermodynamic model, and the dynamics meet the pseudo-secondary dynamic model. The results show that the graphene aerogel prepared by the co-reduction of the ferrous sulfate and the ammonia borane has the best adsorption effect on the dye, and has great application potential in the aspect of environmental governance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ127.11;TQ427.26

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