鈰摻雜硅酸镥多晶閃爍陶瓷的設(shè)計(jì)、制備及發(fā)光性能研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-10-21 09:53
【摘要】:鈰摻雜硅酸镥(Lu_2SiO_5:Ce,LSO:Ce)是一種綜合性能優(yōu)良的閃爍材料,具有高密度(7.4 g/cm3)、高光產(chǎn)額(27,300 photons/MeV)、快衰減時(shí)間(40 ns)、化學(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定等一系列優(yōu)良的特性,在核醫(yī)學(xué)成像方面具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。由于Ce在LSO中的分凝系數(shù)非常低(~0.22),使其在LSO:Ce單晶中的分布嚴(yán)重不均,導(dǎo)致閃爍性能波動(dòng)。此外,LSO的熔點(diǎn)高達(dá)2100℃,已接近銥坩堝和保溫材料的極限使用溫度,導(dǎo)致最終的生長(zhǎng)成本增加。本論文選擇LSO:Ce為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其多晶陶瓷的制備科學(xué)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,闡明了制備過(guò)程中關(guān)鍵物理、化學(xué)條件與LSO:Ce閃爍陶瓷性能與顯微結(jié)構(gòu)、組分之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。以LuCl_3?6H_2O、CeCl_3?7H_2O和正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)為原料,環(huán)氧丙烷(PPO)為反應(yīng)助劑,異丙醇為液相介質(zhì),采用溶膠-凝膠法制備了LSO:Ce前驅(qū)體,經(jīng)過(guò)130℃真空干燥后,再在1000℃的空氣下煅燒后得到了一次晶粒尺寸為70 nm的單相LSO納米晶粉體。經(jīng)過(guò)高能行星球磨處理后粉體的平均粒徑由1μm減小至200 nm,比表面積達(dá)13.74 m2/g。球磨后的LSO:Ce粉體壓制而成的素坯與球磨之前的粉體壓制的素坯相比較,其起始燒結(jié)溫度由1500℃降低到1200℃,在1650℃下的線收縮也由4.75%提高至6.92%。將前驅(qū)體通過(guò)噴霧干燥后獲得了球形LSO:Ce前驅(qū)粉體。該前驅(qū)粉體在1000℃和1100℃的空氣下煅燒2 h后分別得到兩種不同晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的LSO:Ce粉體。該粉體顆粒是由約50 nm的LSO:Ce納米晶粒堆積而成的實(shí)心球形顆粒,其粒徑約為2μm。采用放電等離子體燒結(jié)(SPS)技術(shù)將所合成的微米級(jí)球形LSO:Ce粉體在1200℃/80 MPa下燒結(jié)5 min后得到了平均晶粒尺寸為1.3μm的LSO:Ce陶瓷,其相對(duì)密度為99.8%。而亞微米LSO:Ce粉體,在同樣的燒結(jié)條件下得到的LSO:Ce陶瓷的平均晶粒尺寸僅為0.6μm,其相對(duì)密度可達(dá)99.9%。采用球磨后的LSO:Ce粉體壓制的素坯,在流動(dòng)氫氣下經(jīng)1700℃/2 h無(wú)壓燒結(jié)后獲得了半透明的LSO:Ce陶瓷,其相對(duì)密度為99.7%,平均晶粒尺寸約為5μm。該LSO:Ce閃爍陶瓷的相對(duì)光產(chǎn)額達(dá)到LSO:Ce單晶的91%,衰減時(shí)間僅為20 ns。而將以上素坯在1650℃的空氣氣氛下燒結(jié)4 h后獲得了相對(duì)密度為99.72%,平均晶粒尺寸為1.4μm的LSO:Ce陶瓷。該陶瓷在1600℃/150 MPa的氬氣氛下經(jīng)熱等靜壓(HIP)處理1 h后,獲得了相對(duì)密度高達(dá)99.9%的LSO:Ce光學(xué)陶瓷,其晶粒尺寸約為1.7μm,晶界干凈。在420 nm處的光學(xué)直線透過(guò)率可達(dá)1.4%,這是由于LSO晶體結(jié)構(gòu)高達(dá)0.028的雙折射引起的,在4.4μm的中紅外波長(zhǎng)處的直線透過(guò)率接近50%(樣品厚度為1 mm),這一透過(guò)率數(shù)據(jù)符合Rayleigh Gans Debye模型計(jì)算得到的結(jié)果。X-射線吸收近邊結(jié)構(gòu)(XANES)譜的分析表明:經(jīng)HIP處理后的多晶LSO:Ce陶瓷在1300℃的空氣氛下退火4 h后,其Ce離子仍保持+3價(jià)態(tài)。LSO:Ce陶瓷中的氧空位缺陷深度由0.95 eV降低至0.66 eV,缺陷的濃度也降低至退火之前的6.7%,光產(chǎn)額提高至退火前的1.81倍。LSO:Ce陶瓷中Ce1(CeLu1)發(fā)射強(qiáng)度較Ce2(CeLu2)高9倍,二者發(fā)射的發(fā)光衰減時(shí)間分別為22 ns和40 ns,均比單晶中Ce1和Ce2發(fā)射的衰減時(shí)間短。在50至150 K范圍內(nèi)LSO:Ce陶瓷總發(fā)射強(qiáng)度隨溫度上升呈現(xiàn)略微的降低,這主要是由于Ce2發(fā)射的熱淬滅引起的;而在150至300 K范圍內(nèi)總發(fā)射強(qiáng)度隨溫度上升呈現(xiàn)出顯著的提高,這是由于載流子的傳輸速率隨溫度上升而增大,從而使得Ce1的發(fā)射強(qiáng)度顯著提高。研究了Y~(3+)離子摻雜對(duì)于LYSO:Ce陶瓷發(fā)光特性的影響。擴(kuò)展X-射線吸收精細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)(EXAFS)譜表征結(jié)果顯示Y~(3+)在LSO晶格中占據(jù)Lu~(3+)格位。其紫外激發(fā)發(fā)射強(qiáng)度隨Y~(3+)含量的增加呈現(xiàn)出下降的趨勢(shì),主要是由于隨Y~(3+)含量增大,Ce2的發(fā)射比例增加。Ce1和Ce2的發(fā)光衰減時(shí)間在Y~(3+)含量40%的條件下都隨著Y~(3+)含量增大而增加,Y~(3+)含量40%的條件下,Ce1的衰減時(shí)間穩(wěn)定在30 ns左右,Ce2的衰減時(shí)間穩(wěn)定在47 ns左右。LYSO:Ce陶瓷的X-射線激發(fā)發(fā)光(XEL)譜和137Cs能譜都表明其光產(chǎn)額在Y~(3+)含量40%的條件下都隨著Y~(3+)含量增大而提高,其原因在于,Ce~(3+)周圍的氧空位趨向于富集在Y~(3+)周圍,從而提高Ce~(3+)熒光發(fā)射;在Y~(3+)含量40%的條件下會(huì)隨著Y~(3+)含量的增大而下降,這是由于晶格中過(guò)多的氧空位影響了載流子的傳輸,使Ce~(3+)熒光發(fā)射減弱。
[Abstract]:The rare earth doped silicic acid (Lu _ 2SiO _ 5: Ce, LSO: Ce) is a kind of scintillating material with excellent comprehensive performance. It has a series of excellent properties such as high density (7. 4g/ cm3), high light transmittance (27, 300 photoons/ MeV), fast decay time (40 ns), chemical stability and so on. and has good application prospect in nuclear medicine imaging. Because the fractional condensation coefficient of Ce in LSO is very low (~ 0. 22), the distribution of Ce in LSO: Ce single crystal is seriously uneven, which leads to the fluctuation of scintillation performance. In addition, the melting point of the LSO is high to 2100 DEG C, and the limit use temperature of the crucible and the thermal insulation material has been approached, resulting in an increase in the final growth cost. In this paper, LSO: Ce is chosen as the research object, the preparation science of its polycrystalline ceramics is systematically studied, and the key physical, chemical conditions and LSO: Ce scintillation ceramic properties and the correlation between the components are expounded. The LSO: Ce precursor was prepared by using LuCl _ 3? 6H _ 2O, CeCl _ 3? 7H _ 2O and tetraethyl silicate (TEOS) as raw material and propylene oxide (PPO) as reaction assistant and isopropanol as liquid medium, and after vacuum drying at 130 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2284750
[Abstract]:The rare earth doped silicic acid (Lu _ 2SiO _ 5: Ce, LSO: Ce) is a kind of scintillating material with excellent comprehensive performance. It has a series of excellent properties such as high density (7. 4g/ cm3), high light transmittance (27, 300 photoons/ MeV), fast decay time (40 ns), chemical stability and so on. and has good application prospect in nuclear medicine imaging. Because the fractional condensation coefficient of Ce in LSO is very low (~ 0. 22), the distribution of Ce in LSO: Ce single crystal is seriously uneven, which leads to the fluctuation of scintillation performance. In addition, the melting point of the LSO is high to 2100 DEG C, and the limit use temperature of the crucible and the thermal insulation material has been approached, resulting in an increase in the final growth cost. In this paper, LSO: Ce is chosen as the research object, the preparation science of its polycrystalline ceramics is systematically studied, and the key physical, chemical conditions and LSO: Ce scintillation ceramic properties and the correlation between the components are expounded. The LSO: Ce precursor was prepared by using LuCl _ 3? 6H _ 2O, CeCl _ 3? 7H _ 2O and tetraethyl silicate (TEOS) as raw material and propylene oxide (PPO) as reaction assistant and isopropanol as liquid medium, and after vacuum drying at 130 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2284750
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