【摘要】：反應(yīng)精餾技術(shù)是一種極其有效的過(guò)程強(qiáng)化技術(shù),它將反應(yīng)操作和分離操作集成在同一個(gè)塔器中,能夠克服可逆反應(yīng)中化學(xué)平衡的限制,并極大程度地降低系統(tǒng)的能量消耗和設(shè)備投資成本,具有非常可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。經(jīng)過(guò)多年的研究,反應(yīng)精餾塔在化工領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的運(yùn)用,如簡(jiǎn)單反應(yīng)、并行反應(yīng)和連續(xù)兩步反應(yīng)等。已有的研究多采用單反應(yīng)段反應(yīng)精餾塔實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)兩步反應(yīng)的分離,這使得兩步反應(yīng)在單元操作中難以協(xié)調(diào),容易造成轉(zhuǎn)化率和選擇性偏低的問(wèn)題,導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)的能耗和設(shè)備投資很高。為了解決這個(gè)難題,本文提出了一種雙反應(yīng)段反應(yīng)精餾塔結(jié)構(gòu),兩個(gè)反應(yīng)段的安排將有助于協(xié)調(diào)兩個(gè)反應(yīng)之間的關(guān)系,從而提高系統(tǒng)的熱力學(xué)效率。本文的具體工作安排如下：針對(duì)理想物系的連續(xù)兩步可逆反應(yīng),利用數(shù)學(xué)軟件Mathematica對(duì)該體系進(jìn)行建模以及仿真研究,在雙反應(yīng)段反應(yīng)精餾塔穩(wěn)態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上研究其動(dòng)態(tài)特性,采用相對(duì)增益矩陣對(duì)系統(tǒng)的輸入輸出變量進(jìn)行分析以確定合理的控制結(jié)構(gòu),分析其在出現(xiàn)不同干擾的情況下的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)特性,并與單反應(yīng)段反應(yīng)精餾塔的控制效果進(jìn)行比較。結(jié)果表明,在加入流量干擾和設(shè)定值干擾的情況下,雙反應(yīng)段結(jié)構(gòu)具有更好的動(dòng)態(tài)控制效果,能更加快速平穩(wěn)地達(dá)到穩(wěn)態(tài)設(shè)定值,從動(dòng)態(tài)的角度明確了雙反應(yīng)段反應(yīng)精餾塔的可行性。此外在實(shí)際反應(yīng)物系的研究中,通常會(huì)存在共沸、液液分相等多種復(fù)雜情況,以采用甲酸作為夾帶劑的環(huán)己烯兩步法制備環(huán)己醇為例,文中對(duì)雙反應(yīng)段反應(yīng)精餾系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的綜合設(shè)計(jì)與分析。該反應(yīng)體系采用化工流程軟件Aspen Plus建模,以最小年度總費(fèi)用(Total annual cost, TAC)作為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)得到穩(wěn)態(tài)系統(tǒng)的最優(yōu)操作條件,并與傳統(tǒng)兩個(gè)單反應(yīng)段反應(yīng)精餾塔級(jí)聯(lián)的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行比較,進(jìn)一步探索該結(jié)構(gòu)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和可行性。結(jié)果表明,與傳統(tǒng)級(jí)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)相比,在反應(yīng)精餾塔中安排兩個(gè)反應(yīng)段提供了更多設(shè)計(jì)變量,明顯提高了系統(tǒng)的反應(yīng)速率和分離效果,強(qiáng)化了系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的物質(zhì)耦合和能量耦合,大大降低了設(shè)備投資和能量消耗。
[Abstract]:Reactive distillation is a very effective process strengthening technique, which integrates reaction operation and separation operation in the same tower, and can overcome the limitation of chemical equilibrium in reversible reaction. The energy consumption and equipment investment cost of the system are greatly reduced, which has considerable economic benefits. After many years of research, reaction distillation column has been widely used in chemical industry, such as simple reaction, parallel reaction and continuous two-step reaction. Most of the previous studies have used single-stage reaction distillation column to separate the two-step reaction, which makes the two-step reaction difficult to coordinate in the unit operation, which can easily cause the problem of low conversion and selectivity. The system energy consumption and equipment investment is very high. In order to solve this problem, a two-stage reaction distillation column structure is proposed in this paper. The arrangement of the two reaction sections will help to coordinate the relationship between the two reactions and thus improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the system. The detailed work of this paper is as follows: aiming at the continuous two-step reversible reaction of the ideal system, the dynamic characteristics of the system are studied on the basis of steady state design of the two-stage reaction distillation column by using the mathematical software Mathematica to model and simulate the system. The relative gain matrix is used to analyze the input and output variables of the system to determine the reasonable control structure. The dynamic response characteristics of the system under different disturbances are analyzed and compared with the control effect of the single-stage reaction distillation column. The results show that under the condition of flow disturbance and set value interference, the dual reaction section structure has better dynamic control effect and can reach steady state value more quickly and smoothly. The feasibility of double reaction distillation column was determined from the dynamic point of view. In addition, in the study of actual reactants, azeotrope and liquid-liquid fractions are equal in many complicated situations. For example, cyclohexene can be prepared by two-step cyclohexene method using formic acid as entrainer. Further comprehensive design and analysis of two-stage reaction distillation system have been carried out in this paper. The reaction system is modeled by chemical process software Aspen Plus, and the optimal operating conditions of the steady-state system are obtained with the minimum annual total cost (Total annual cost, TAC) as the optimization objective, and the structure of the cascade of two conventional single-stage reaction distillation columns is compared. Further explore the economic benefits and feasibility of the structure. The results show that compared with the traditional cascade structure, the arrangement of two reaction segments in the reaction distillation column provides more design variables, improves the reaction rate and separation efficiency of the system, and strengthens the material and energy coupling within the system. Greatly reduced equipment investment and energy consumption.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ053.5

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