【摘要】：近年來空氣污染不斷惡化,其中霧霾已成為人們的心頭大患。霧霾最主要的來源之一就是機(jī)動(dòng)車尾氣大量排放的微米級(jí)固體顆粒。這些微米級(jí)固體顆粒則是由于機(jī)動(dòng)車的大分子碳?xì)溆土系牟煌耆紵纬�。發(fā)展大分子碳?xì)淙加驮诰�裂解潔凈燃燒新技術(shù)是解決不完全燃燒的重要途徑。本文所研究的輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)微米級(jí)直通孔多孔陶瓷材料是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一創(chuàng)新的關(guān)鍵材料。 本文從研究陶瓷漿料懸浮體中產(chǎn)生團(tuán)聚體的機(jī)理出發(fā),根據(jù)液體介質(zhì)中陶瓷粉體顆粒之間的作用勢,提出了穩(wěn)定固態(tài)含量的概念。運(yùn)用雙電層理論和DLVO等理論,揭示了分散劑和固相含量對(duì)含海藻酸鈉的氧化鋁基的漿料的穩(wěn)定性的影響規(guī)律,以制備出適合制備微米級(jí)直通孔A1203多孔陶瓷的漿料。 本文也研究了以叔丁醇為溶劑制備A1203多孔陶瓷的膠態(tài)體系固化形孔路線。并通過膠態(tài)懸浮體系的固相體積分?jǐn)?shù)與陶瓷的氣孔率、孔徑尺寸、抗壓強(qiáng)度和熱導(dǎo)率的關(guān)系進(jìn)行比較分析和機(jī)理研究。本文還研究了以MgO作為燒結(jié)助劑提高材料的抗壓強(qiáng)度的規(guī)律,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了氧化鋁多孔陶瓷的膠態(tài)聚合固化形孔 本研究改進(jìn)了定向冷凍升華形孔法,采用環(huán)境友好的海藻酸鈉作為粘結(jié)劑創(chuàng)建了一條綠色環(huán)保的制備微米級(jí)直通孔氧化鋁多孔陶瓷的工藝路線。由于明顯改善了生坯的強(qiáng)度而提高了工藝的可靠性,降低了制備成本。成功制備了具有均勻分布且相互平行的輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)氧化鋁微米級(jí)直通孔多孔陶瓷材料。所獲得的微米級(jí)直通孔多孔陶瓷的開口孔隙率范圍從百分之五十到百分之八十,抗壓強(qiáng)度從3.4MPa到32.3MPa,滲透率達(dá)到4×10-11m2以上。導(dǎo)出冰凍干燥形孔分散劑TAC-開口氣孔率數(shù)學(xué)模型。 本文還研究了海藻酸鈉離子交換凝膠形孔法,通過對(duì)形孔和干燥工藝的控制,制備出了外部形狀規(guī)整,內(nèi)部微米級(jí)直通孔高度有序定向排列的輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)多孔氧化鋁陶瓷。樣品無明顯裂紋和空洞,其相互平行的直通孔孔徑在80～250ttm之間。以此方法制備的多孔陶瓷樣品的滲透率比相同氣孔率的氧化鋁泡沫陶瓷提高了一個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)。抗壓強(qiáng)度也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于已知的相同氣孔率的非定向孔多孔陶瓷。這種多孔陶瓷材料,只需15%固相含量,壓強(qiáng)度就可達(dá)到44.2±5.4MPa。
[Abstract]:Air pollution has been worsening in recent years, in which haze has become a major problem. One of the most important sources of haze is the micron-sized solid particles emitted from vehicle exhaust. These micron solid particles are formed by incomplete combustion of the vehicle's macromolecular hydrocarbon oil. It is an important way to solve incomplete combustion of macromolecular hydrocarbon oil by on-line pyrolysis and clean combustion. In this paper, the light and high strength micron porous ceramic materials are the key materials to realize this innovation. In this paper, based on the study of the mechanism of agglomeration in ceramic slurry suspension, the concept of stable solid content is put forward according to the interaction potential between ceramic powder particles in liquid medium. The influence of dispersant and solid content on the stability of alumina based slurry containing sodium alginate was revealed by using the double layer theory and DLVO theory. The slurry suitable for the preparation of micron straight through porous A1203 ceramics was prepared. In this paper, the solidified pore formation route of A1203 porous ceramics prepared by tert-butanol as solvent was also studied. The relationship between the volume fraction of solid phase and the porosity, pore size, compressive strength and thermal conductivity of the colloidal suspension system was compared and analyzed. In this paper, the rule of improving the compressive strength of alumina porous ceramics by using MgO as sintering assistant was studied, and the method of directional freezing sublimation pore forming was improved by realizing the solidification of porous alumina ceramics by colloidal polymerization. The environmentally friendly sodium alginate was used as binder to create a green and environmentally friendly porous alumina ceramic with micron size. The reliability of the process is improved and the preparation cost is reduced because of the obvious improvement of the strength of the raw billet. Light and high strength alumina micron size straight through porous ceramic materials with uniform distribution and parallel to each other were successfully prepared. The open porosity range from 50% to 80%, compressive strength from 3.4MPa to 32.3 MPa, permeability above 4 脳 10-11m2. A mathematical model of TAC- open porosity for freeze-drying dispersant was derived. In this paper, the sodium alginate ion exchange gel method was also studied. By controlling the pore shape and drying process, the light weight and high strength porous alumina ceramics were prepared. There are no obvious cracks and voids in the sample, and the pore diameter of the parallel through pore is between the 80~250ttm. The permeability of porous ceramic samples prepared by this method is one order of magnitude higher than that of alumina foam ceramics with the same porosity. The compressive strength is also much higher than that of non-directional porous ceramics with the same porosity. The compressive strength of the porous ceramic material can reach 44.2 鹵5.4 MPA with only 15% solid content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ174.1

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