半間歇均相反應失控風險評估方法的研究
[Abstract]:In recent years, chemical safety accidents at home and abroad have emerged one after another, chemical safety problems have received more and more attention, and the related research has made great progress. However, the theory of chemical reaction runaway risk assessment and related experimental methods still need to be further improved and optimized. This paper mainly aims at several important problems and parameters in risk assessment of chemical reaction runaway, that is, the research method of dangerous chemical reaction. The maximum reaction rate of (MTSR), under adiabatic condition, the maximum reaction rate of (TMRad), the autocatalytic kinetic characterization method based on isothermal calorimetry, and a new calculation method for determining TMRad are proposed. Based on the operation conditions and reaction kinetics, the criterion of semi-batch homogeneous phase reaction runaway is established. It provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of risk assessment method for runaway reaction. Firstly, based on the isothermal calorimetry, the autocatalytic kinetic characterization method was established. The autocatalytic characteristics of the reaction and the corresponding kinetic parameters were determined by comparing the fitting effect of the autocatalytic model and the second-order kinetic model to the experimental data under the constant temperature mode. The experimental results show that the autocatalytic kinetic model fits the experimental results better than the second-order kinetic model, and the reaction heat calculated by the autocatalytic kinetic model is closer to the experimental value than the second-order kinetic model. The autocatalytic properties of the reaction and the effectiveness of the method are verified. Secondly, based on the dimensionless mathematical model of isothermal homogeneous semi-batch reaction, the variation of accumulation degree and MTSR with model parameters are studied by numerical simulation and experimental verification. The numerical results show that the MTSR may increase monotonously with the increase of temperature with different parameters of the model, and it may also show a "S" shape change. A semi-empirical criterion containing all the parameters of the model is proposed to judge the variation of MTSR with temperature. The effectiveness of the criterion is verified by the esterification experiments of propionic anhydride and secondary butanol. In addition, because the reaction is out of control or the reaction mechanism is complex, the endpoints of reaction exothermic can not be measured by using ARC in adiabatic heat laboratory. In this paper, a new calculation method is proposed to determine the TMRad, of the system in the case of uncontrolled reaction without the exothermic end point temperature. This method is suitable for both the case of no end point temperature and the case of the case with the end point temperature of exothermic heat. The effectiveness of this method was verified by the adiabatic thermal experiments of nitro compounds and tert-Ding Ji peroxides / toluene mixtures. Finally, based on the nonlinear analysis of the mathematical model of homogeneous semi-batch reaction, a new criterion, adiabatic criterion, is proposed. The validity of the criterion is verified by numerical simulation and experiments. The adiabatic criterion is not only suitable for constant temperature operation mode, but also suitable for isothermal operation mode. It can also be used to determine the critical accumulation degree in the reaction process. It provides a theoretical basis for the evaluation of reaction out of control.
【學位授予單位】:天津大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:TQ086
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