【摘要】：硅酸鹽玻璃在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中發(fā)揮著重要作用。其脆性特征使得其實(shí)際斷裂強(qiáng)度遠(yuǎn)低于理論強(qiáng)度,通過傳統(tǒng)的鋼化技術(shù),其實(shí)際斷裂強(qiáng)度得到很大的改善,但一些特殊領(lǐng)域?qū)ζ鋽嗔训募行杂泻芨叩囊�。工程�?yīng)力分布(Engineered Stress Profile,ESP)玻璃的出現(xiàn)為這類問題的解決提供了很好的研究方向,其中最為突出的工藝制備方法是低溫兩步離子交換法。本文采用低溫兩步離子交換法對(duì)厚度為1.1mm的超薄鈉鋁硅系玻璃進(jìn)行增強(qiáng),制備ESP玻璃。通過改變其工藝參數(shù),運(yùn)用電子探針微觀結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)試方法,結(jié)合表面應(yīng)力、彎曲強(qiáng)度、顯微硬度和透過率等測(cè)試,研究單步離子交換法工藝參數(shù)對(duì)玻璃性質(zhì)的影響,兩步離子交換法與單步離子交換法制備玻璃性質(zhì)的不同以及第一步離子交換工藝參數(shù)對(duì)ESP玻璃性質(zhì)的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:1)對(duì)鈉鋁硅玻璃進(jìn)行單步離子交換,時(shí)間和溫度顯著影響玻璃彎曲強(qiáng)度及Weibull模數(shù)。超過12h后,時(shí)間的延長使得彎曲強(qiáng)度逐漸降低,Weibull模數(shù)先升高后降低;隨著溫度的增大,彎曲強(qiáng)度與Weibull模數(shù)先升高后降低。450℃下進(jìn)行40h獲得最大的Weibull模數(shù)35.82,彎曲強(qiáng)度為397.72 MPa。通過菲克第二定律計(jì)算得出450℃時(shí),K+擴(kuò)散系數(shù)為1.102×10-14m2/s,使用Boltzmann-Matano方法計(jì)算出450℃時(shí),K+擴(kuò)散系數(shù)為2.92×10-14m2/s。2)對(duì)玻璃進(jìn)行兩步離子交換時(shí),第二步交換時(shí)間顯著影響玻璃的Weibull模數(shù)。第二步交換介質(zhì)為質(zhì)量比為3:7的NaNO3和KNO3混合熔融鹽。隨著第二步交換時(shí)間的延長,彎曲強(qiáng)度與Weibull模數(shù)先增大后降低,并在第二步離子交換時(shí)間為30 min均達(dá)到最大值,彎曲強(qiáng)度達(dá)到421.67 MPa,Weibull模數(shù)達(dá)到48.97。并證明了ESP玻璃提高Weibull模數(shù)的機(jī)理:K+富集峰位置隨著第二步時(shí)間的延長的向玻璃內(nèi)部移動(dòng),Na+向玻璃近表面區(qū)域擴(kuò)散,近表面區(qū)域應(yīng)力梯度提升,最大應(yīng)力值向內(nèi)部移動(dòng),裂紋穩(wěn)定擴(kuò)展區(qū)域內(nèi)裂紋停止擴(kuò)展或穩(wěn)定擴(kuò)展,從而導(dǎo)致玻璃斷裂集中度提升。3)對(duì)ESP玻璃在受力與未受力情況下的抗裂紋能力進(jìn)行研究。兩步法鋼化玻璃的裂紋深度與裂紋半長a/c比單步法玻璃還要低較低,說明ESP玻璃形成的高梯度的應(yīng)力分布使得玻璃在抗裂紋向玻璃深度方向擴(kuò)展上有很大提高。使用顯微硬度儀對(duì)玻璃預(yù)制裂紋,進(jìn)行彎曲強(qiáng)度測(cè)試,結(jié)果顯示,ESP玻璃在受外力條件下顯現(xiàn)出了極高裂紋抗性。微裂強(qiáng)度計(jì)算結(jié)果表明ESP玻璃相比單步法玻璃在不受外力情況下具有更高的抗裂紋能力。4)對(duì)玻璃進(jìn)行兩步離子交換時(shí),第一步交換溫時(shí)間和溫度決定了ESP玻璃的彎曲強(qiáng)度,并決定了獲取高Weibull模數(shù)玻璃時(shí)的第二步交換時(shí)間。使用K+富集峰向玻璃內(nèi)部移動(dòng)速度的比較,得出結(jié)論:合適的溫度和較長時(shí)間的第一步離子交換與較短時(shí)間的第二步離子交換才能獲得高Weibull模數(shù)ESP玻璃。5)本文通過實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得了七組制備Weibull模數(shù)大于40玻璃的工藝參數(shù),適用于力學(xué)敏感玻璃的制備。通過透過率測(cè)試,所制備的ESP玻璃透過率均在84%左右,具有光學(xué)應(yīng)用性能,可以稱為光學(xué)工程應(yīng)力分布玻璃。
[Abstract]:Silicate glass plays an important role in various fields of national economy. Its brittleness makes its actual fracture strength much lower than the theoretical strength. Through traditional tempering technology, its actual fracture strength has been greatly improved, but some special fields require high concentration of its fracture. The emergence of ESS Profile (ESP) glass provides a good research direction for solving these problems. The most prominent method is the two-step ion exchange method at low temperature. The influence of process parameters on the properties of ESP glass by single-step ion-exchange method, the difference of glass properties between two-step ion-exchange method and single-step ion-exchange method, and the influence of process parameters on the properties of ESP glass by the first-step ion-exchange method were studied by means of electron probe microscopic structure test and surface stress, bending strength, microhardness and transmittance measurements. The results show that: 1) The bending strength and Weibull modulus of sodium alumina silicate glass are significantly affected by the time and temperature of single-step ion exchange. The maximum Weibull modulus was 35.82 and the bending strength was 397.72 MPa. The K + diffusion coefficient was 1.102 65 The second step is NaNO 3 and KNO3 mixed molten salts with mass ratio of 3:7. With the extension of the second step, the bending strength and Weibull modulus increase first and then decrease, and reach the maximum value in the second step when the ion exchange time is 30 minutes. The bending strength reaches 421.67 MPa and the Weibull modulus reaches 48.9 MPa. 7. The mechanism of increasing Weibull's modulus in ESP glass is proved: the position of K + enrichment peak moves to the glass interior with the extension of the second step time, Na + diffuses to the near-surface region of the glass, the stress gradient in the near-surface region rises, the maximum stress value moves to the interior, and the crack in the stable crack growth region stops or propagates steadily, which leads to the glass. The crack depth and crack half-length a/c of the two-step tempered glass are lower than that of the single-step tempered glass, which indicates that the high gradient stress distribution formed by the ESP glass makes the glass have a large crack resistance to the depth of the glass. The results show that ESP glass exhibits very high crack resistance under external force. The results of micro-crack strength calculation show that ESP glass has higher crack resistance than single-step glass without external force. The bending strength of ESP glass is determined by the first step exchange temperature time and temperature, and the second step exchange time for obtaining high Weibull modulus glass is determined. In order to obtain high Weibull modulus ESP glass.5) In this paper, seven groups of technological parameters for preparing glass with Weibull modulus greater than 40 were obtained through experiments, which are suitable for the preparation of mechanical sensitive glass.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ171.1

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本文編號(hào)：2190258