本文選題：碳酸鈣垢 + 電化學(xué)石英晶體微天平　； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、特別是在油氣田生產(chǎn)過程中,結(jié)垢現(xiàn)象不僅會導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)設(shè)備及油套管等效率降低,還會加速局部的垢下腐蝕,使其使用壽命下降。延緩和減輕結(jié)垢現(xiàn)象對于油田的提高生產(chǎn)效益具有重大意義。垢的成分很多,以碳酸鈣(CaCO3)最為常見且危害最大。目前,一般采用投加阻垢劑的方法來延緩或減輕結(jié)垢的發(fā)生。 本文采用陰極極化加速結(jié)垢的方法,使用電化學(xué)石英晶體微天平技術(shù)(EQCM)對碳酸鈣垢的生長進行了多因素的分析；研究了有機膦系類、聚羧酸類和無機磷類等常見阻垢劑的阻垢性能,同時研究了聚合物HPAM的阻垢性能及其與不同阻垢劑的協(xié)同作用；在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析比較了動、靜態(tài)溶液體系下,阻垢劑在碳酸鈣垢的結(jié)垢過程中的動力學(xué)行為以及不同流速下阻垢劑對其生長動力學(xué)的影響；以X射線衍射分析方法、掃描電子顯微鏡和X射線能譜分析方法、陰極極化曲線等現(xiàn)代測試方法結(jié)果為依據(jù),給出了三種類型阻垢劑的阻垢機理。 本文研究成果如下： 1)陰極電位、溫度、Ca2+濃度、流速都能在一定程度上影響碳酸鈣垢的結(jié)垢量：其中電位對CaCO3形貌影響最大；液體流速對結(jié)垢速率的影響最大。 2)在靜態(tài)溶液體系、溫度50℃條件下,得到羥基乙叉二膦酸(HEDP)、膦酰基羧酸(POCA)、氨基三甲叉膦酸(ATMP)和六偏磷酸鈉(SHMP)的最優(yōu)使用濃度；在摩爾濃度和質(zhì)量濃度兩種情況下,四種阻垢劑加入相同濃度后碳酸鈣的結(jié)垢質(zhì)量從高到低依次為：SHMP、HEDP、ATMP和POCA。 3)聚合物HPAM具有抑制碳酸鈣垢的性能；其與四種阻垢劑在抑垢方面有一定的協(xié)同作用,且與有機膦系列阻垢劑發(fā)生協(xié)同作用最優(yōu)。 4)在結(jié)垢過程中注入阻垢劑時,靜態(tài)溶液下結(jié)垢量與時間圖中出現(xiàn)明顯的3個階段：結(jié)垢階段、阻垢劑的擴散和不穩(wěn)定作用階段、阻垢劑穩(wěn)定作用階段；動態(tài)溶液體系下,只存在空白結(jié)垢階段和阻垢劑穩(wěn)定作用階段。兩個穩(wěn)定沉積過程的時間與結(jié)垢量曲線符合直線方程y=y0+kx,斜率k值可量化其生長動力學(xué)。但由于阻垢劑的阻垢機理不同,流速對阻垢劑的性能影響規(guī)律不一致。 5)加入ATMP和HEDP使碳酸鈣顆粒、晶粒尺寸減小明顯；加入POCA使碳酸鈣顆粒和晶粒尺寸都有一定程度的減小,且出現(xiàn)中空；SHMP的加入對碳酸鈣形貌影響較小。 6) ATMP會在一定程度上抑制碳酸鈣垢沉積到石英晶片金面上的電化學(xué)反應(yīng)過程；而四種阻垢劑的添加都在一定程度上抑制了濃度極化過程。
[Abstract]:In industrial production, especially in the production of oil and gas fields, the phenomenon of scaling will not only reduce the efficiency of production equipment and oil casing, but also accelerate the local scale corrosion and decrease its service life. It is of great significance to delay and reduce the scaling phenomenon for improving the production efficiency of oil fields. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the most common and harmful scale. At present, the general use of scale inhibitor to delay or reduce the occurrence of scaling. In this paper, the growth of calcium carbonate scale was analyzed by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) with the method of accelerated scaling by cathodic polarization, and the organic phosphine series was studied. The scale inhibition properties of polycarboxylic acid and inorganic phosphorus were studied. The scale inhibition of HPAM and its synergistic effect with different scale inhibitors were studied. The dynamic behavior of scale inhibitor in the scaling process of calcium carbonate and the effect of scale inhibitor on the growth kinetics of calcium carbonate scale at different flow rates, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy spectrum analysis, Based on the results of modern measurement methods such as cathodic polarization curves, the scale inhibition mechanisms of three types of scale inhibitors are given. The results are as follows: 1) cathode potential, temperature and Ca 2 concentration, flow rate can affect the scaling amount of calcium carbonate scale to a certain extent: potential has the greatest influence on the morphology of CaCO3; The effect of liquid flow rate on scaling rate is the greatest. 2) the optimal concentration of hydroxy ethylenediphosphonic acid (HEDP), phosphonyl carboxylic acid (POCA), amino trimethylidene phosphonic acid (ATMP) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is obtained in the static solution system at 50 鈩，

本文編號：2101223