本文選題：氫氧化鎳 + 多層泡沫鎳　； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：化石能源危機(jī)問(wèn)題的日益突出以及由于大量使用化石燃料帶來(lái)的越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問(wèn)題給人類帶來(lái)了極大的困擾,開(kāi)發(fā)利用清潔可再生能源成為人類實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必要任務(wù)。但是新能源的高效利用離不開(kāi)性能優(yōu)異的儲(chǔ)能器件,作為儲(chǔ)能器件的超級(jí)電容器由于其環(huán)境友好、功率密度高、循環(huán)壽命長(zhǎng)、使用溫度范圍寬等優(yōu)點(diǎn)成了國(guó)內(nèi)外廣大研究者們的新寵。而開(kāi)發(fā)高性能的超級(jí)電容器儲(chǔ)能器件離不開(kāi)設(shè)計(jì)制備性能優(yōu)異的材料以及對(duì)電極材料的合理組裝。以雙電層電容為基礎(chǔ)的碳材料超級(jí)電容器因其理論容量不高而發(fā)展受限,而過(guò)渡金屬氫氧化物因其具有高的理論容量引發(fā)了研究者們的興趣,其中氫氧化鎳又以其廉價(jià)、無(wú)毒、環(huán)境友好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而備受青睞。然而,氫氧化鎳屬于半導(dǎo)體材料,較差的導(dǎo)電性導(dǎo)致了氫氧化鎳電極材料較差的倍率性能和循環(huán)性能。在本論文中,我們通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的水熱合成方法制備了不同納米尺寸的片狀氫氧化鎳電極材料。為了提升氫氧化鎳電極材料的循環(huán)性能,我們改善了電極的制備方法,將傳統(tǒng)的單層泡沫鎳體系擴(kuò)展為多層泡沫鎳體系(實(shí)際為4層泡沫鎳)。本文的主要內(nèi)容如下:1.以NiCl_2·6H_2O和NH_4(CO_3)_2為原料,利用水熱合成的方法制備出了Ni(HCO_3)_2,將所得到的Ni(HCO_3)_2浸泡在6 M的KOH溶液中得到了尺寸約為14.5 nm的氫氧化鎳納米片。分別采取傳統(tǒng)單層泡沫鎳體系和多層泡沫鎳體系制備出兩個(gè)電極(N1和N3),電化學(xué)結(jié)果證實(shí)在5 A g~(-1)的電流密度下,N1和N3電極的容量分別為482.9和524.5 C g~(-1);經(jīng)1000圈的循環(huán)過(guò)后,N1和N3電極的容量保持率分別為59.1%和83.8%。顯然,多層泡沫鎳體系大大提高了氫氧化鎳納米片電極的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了改良電極的工作機(jī)理,探究了其能提高電極材料循環(huán)性能的原因。2.以NiCl_2·6H_2O和Na_2CO_3為原料,利用水熱合成的方法制備出了尺寸約為150 nm的片狀氫氧化鎳。分別采取傳統(tǒng)單層泡沫鎳體系和多層泡沫鎳體系制備出兩個(gè)電極(A1和A3),電化學(xué)結(jié)果證實(shí)在5 A g~(-1)的電流密度下,經(jīng)1000圈的循環(huán)過(guò)后,兩電極的容量保持率分別為42%和80%。顯然,多層泡沫鎳體系不僅適用于超小片狀納米體系的電極材料,還適用于其他大尺寸片狀納米體系的電極材料,具有一定的普遍性。
[Abstract]:The problem of fossil energy crisis is becoming more and more prominent, and the environmental problems caused by the heavy use of fossil fuels have brought great troubles to human beings. Development and utilization of clean and renewable energy has become a necessary task for human to achieve sustainable development. However, the efficient utilization of new energy can not be separated from energy storage devices with excellent performance. As energy storage devices, supercapacitors are environmentally friendly, have high power density, and have long cycle life. Using the advantages of wide temperature range has become a new favorite of researchers at home and abroad. The development of high performance supercapacitor energy storage devices can not be separated from the design of excellent materials and the reasonable assembly of electrode materials. The development of carbon supercapacitors based on double layer capacitors is limited because of their low theoretical capacity, while transition metal hydroxides have attracted the interest of researchers because of their high theoretical capacity. Among them, nickel hydroxide is cheap and non-toxic. Environmental friendly and other advantages are favored. However, nickel hydroxide is a semiconductor material. The poor conductivity leads to the poor performance of the nickel hydroxide electrode material. In this thesis, we prepared different nanoscale nickel hydroxide electrode materials by simple hydrothermal synthesis method. In order to improve the cycling performance of nickel hydroxide electrode materials, we have improved the preparation method of the electrode, and extended the traditional single-layer nickel foam system to a multi-layer nickel foam system (actually, four layers of nickel foam). The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. NiHCO3s were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis from the NiCl26H _ 2O and NH _ 4C _ C _ 3s _ 2 as the raw materials. The NiHCO3T _ 2 was soaked in the 6M Koh solution to obtain the nickel hydroxide nanocrystals of about 14.5 nm. Two electrodes, N 1 and N 3, were prepared by conventional single layer nickel foam system and multilayer nickel foam system, respectively. The electrochemical results show that the capacities of N 1 and N 3 electrodes are 482.9 and 524.5 C / g ~ (-1) at the current density of 5 A g / g ~ (-1), respectively, and the results show that the N _ (1) and N _ (3) electrodes are cyclic in 1000 cycles. The capacity retention rates of N1 and N3 electrodes were 59.1% and 83.8%, respectively. It is obvious that the multilayer nickel foam system can greatly improve the cycling stability of nickel hydroxide nanocrystalline electrode. On this basis, the working mechanism of the modified electrode is put forward, and the reason why it can improve the cycling performance of the electrode material is explored. Using NiCl26H _ 2O and Na _ 2CO _ 3 as raw materials, the size of nickel hydroxide (150 nm) was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. Two electrodes, Al and A3N, were prepared by conventional single layer nickel foam system and multilayer nickel foam system, respectively. The electrochemical results show that at the current density of 5 A g ~ (-1), after 1000 cycles, the capacity retention rates of the two electrodes are 42% and 80%, respectively. It is obvious that the multilayer nickel foam system is suitable not only for the electrode materials of ultrasmall sheet nanosystems, but also for the electrode materials of other large scale sheet nanosystems, which has a certain universality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ138.13;TM53

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