本文選題：聚偏氟乙烯 + 中空纖維膜�。� 參考：《北京工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)是一種半結(jié)晶型聚合物,晶區(qū)賦予其很好的熱穩(wěn)定性,無定形區(qū)使其較柔韌。同時,聚偏氟乙烯具有很好的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性,在室溫下不被酸、氧化劑和鹵素所腐蝕,對脂肪烴、芳香烴、醇和醛等有機溶劑也很穩(wěn)定,并且耐γ射線和紫外線輻射。近年來,聚偏氟乙烯作為一種性能優(yōu)異的膜材質(zhì),越來越得到人們的認(rèn)可。制備聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜的常用方法包括熔融拉伸(MS-S)法、非溶劑致相分離(NIPS)法和熱致相分離(TIPS)法。相比于熔融拉伸法和非溶劑致相分離法,用熱致相分離法制備的聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜具有滲透性能好、孔徑可調(diào)、孔徑分布窄和機械性能優(yōu)異等優(yōu)點。然而,國內(nèi)真正商業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的熱致相分離法聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜并不多,而進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的價格又昂貴。因此開展熱致相分離法聚偏氟乙烯中空纖維膜的研制以及相關(guān)技術(shù)問題的研究很有必要。本文基于聚合物溶液相容性原理,以鄰苯二甲酸二丁脂(DBP,聚偏氟乙烯強稀釋劑)和鄰苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP,聚偏氟乙烯弱稀釋劑)混合物作為聚偏氟乙烯膜材料的稀釋劑,通過繪制體系的熱力學(xué)相圖和觀察體系相分離行為兩種方法來確定了聚偏氟乙烯/鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯/鄰苯二甲酸二辛脂三元體系的相分離行為。綜合考察了稀釋劑的揮發(fā)性、擠出機的操作溫度、能耗以及聚偏氟乙烯的降解溫度、熔點和濃度,并結(jié)合相圖,確定了適宜的制膜溫度為443-493K。同時,研究了聚合物分子量、聚合物濃度、稀釋劑配比和冷卻速率對相分離行為和膜形貌與性能的影響。最終確定了較佳的制膜聚合物濃度為35wt%,稀釋劑配比為DBP/DOP(wt/wt)為1/2。本文還通過添加納米碳酸鈣顆粒,實現(xiàn)了中空纖維膜機械性能和制膜穩(wěn)定性的提高,并且通過酸處理后去除納米碳酸鈣,實現(xiàn)了聚偏氟乙烯膜的孔隙率、滲透性能和耐化學(xué)性能的改善。
[Abstract]:Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a semicrystalline polymer, which is endowed with good thermal stability by crystalline region and flexible by amorphous region. At the same time, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has good chemical stability. It is not corroded by acid, oxidant and halogen at room temperature, and is stable to organic solvents such as aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatics, alcohols and aldehydes, and is resistant to 緯-ray and ultraviolet radiation. In recent years, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), as an excellent membrane material, has been more and more recognized by people. The common methods for preparing PVDF microporous membranes include melt stretching, non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) and thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). Compared with the melt drawing method and the non-solvent induced phase separation method, the PVDF microporous membranes prepared by thermal phase separation have the advantages of good permeability, adjustable pore size, narrow pore size distribution and excellent mechanical properties. However, there are not many polyvinylidene fluoride microporous membranes produced commercially in China, and the price of imported products is expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to develop thermal phase separation polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membrane and related technical problems. Based on the principle of compatibility of polymer solution, the mixture of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) was used as the diluent of PVDF membrane material. The phase separation behavior of poly (vinylidene fluoride) / dibutyl phthalate / dioctyl phthalate was determined by drawing the thermodynamic phase diagram and observing the phase separation behavior of the system. The volatility of diluent, operating temperature of extruder, energy consumption, degradation temperature, melting point and concentration of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were investigated, and the optimum film preparation temperature was determined to be 443-493K combined with phase diagram. At the same time, the effects of polymer molecular weight, polymer concentration, diluent ratio and cooling rate on the phase separation behavior, morphology and properties of the film were studied. The optimum polymer concentration is 35 wt.The diluent ratio is DBP / DOP / WT / WT = 1 / 2. The mechanical properties and membrane stability of hollow fiber membrane were improved by adding nano-calcium carbonate particles, and the porosity of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was realized by removing nano-calcium carbonate after acid treatment. Improved permeability and chemical resistance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ051.893

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本文編號：1931414