發(fā)布時間：2018-05-09 22:17

  本文選題：氧化石墨烯 + 復(fù)合材料�。� 參考：《天津大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：石墨烯,因其優(yōu)異的物理化學性質(zhì),引起了人們的高度重視。另外由于其具有很大的比表面積,石墨烯更是被廣泛用于各類納米顆粒的載體。因此這類石墨烯基復(fù)合材料已在眾多領(lǐng)域中被廣泛應(yīng)用,如催化劑、傳感器、超級電容器、電池等。近年來,以對硝基苯酚和染料為首的有機污染物廣泛存在于工業(yè)廢水中且毒性大,而油類泄漏對海洋環(huán)境的危害也十分巨大,環(huán)境污染問題越發(fā)嚴重。同時人們的環(huán)保意識也逐漸增強,于是越來越關(guān)注如何有效而簡便地治理水體污染。而同時能源危機的日益嚴峻以及化石能源燃燒產(chǎn)生的空氣污染也讓新型能源的開發(fā)成為了科學家們大力研究的重要課題,其中超級電容器和溫差電材料因其環(huán)境友好,具有十分廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。在本論文中,我們使用氧化石墨烯(GO)、鎳離子和銀離子作為前驅(qū)物,水合肼作為還原劑來制備負載鎳-銀雙金屬納米顆粒的還原氧化石墨烯復(fù)合材料(Ni-Ag@RGO)。并且使用X射線衍射、熱重分析、X射線光電子能譜和透射電子顯微鏡對復(fù)合材料的成分和形貌進行表征,材料的磁性則通過震動樣品磁強計來測量。我們利用對硝基苯酚還原反應(yīng)和甲基橙的光降解反應(yīng)評價復(fù)合材料Ni-Ag@RGO的催化活性,催化反應(yīng)的進程用紫外可見分光光度計來檢測。反應(yīng)完成之后,在磁場的作用下將催化劑從反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)中分離出來,并通過重復(fù)利用來研究其循環(huán)使用性。此外,我們將鎳納米顆粒和GO高溫不攪拌反應(yīng),使GO被還原且組裝制備出RGO水凝膠,然后通過冷凍干燥得到氣凝膠。使用X射線衍射、透射電鏡、掃描電鏡、傅里葉變換紅外光譜、拉曼光譜和X射線光電子能譜對氣凝膠的成分和形貌進行表征。并且用有機染料、油類和有機溶劑來研究氣凝膠的吸附能力。同時以該氣凝膠還作為超級電容器的電極材料,對其比電容和充放電能力進行分析。將GO分散在吡咯的酸性溶液中,加入強氧化劑使其發(fā)生原位聚合。采用X射線衍射、透射電鏡、掃描電鏡、傅里葉變換紅外光譜、熱重分析和X射線光電子能譜等分析手段對材料的成分和形貌進行表征。在此基礎(chǔ)上,研究該溫差電材料得熱電性能,如塞貝克系數(shù)、電導(dǎo)率以及功率分子等;對比了不同前驅(qū)物配比以及不同酸性條件下合成的材料的溫差電性能。
[Abstract]:Graphene, because of its excellent physical and chemical properties, has attracted great attention. Because of its large specific surface area, graphene is widely used as the carrier of various nanoparticles. Therefore, this kind of graphene matrix composites have been widely used in many fields, such as catalysts, sensors, supercapacitors, batteries and so on. In recent years, organic pollutants, led by p-nitrophenol and dyestuff, are widely present in industrial wastewater and are highly toxic. However, oil leakage is also very harmful to the marine environment, and the environmental pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. At the same time, people's awareness of environmental protection has gradually increased, so more and more attention is paid to how to effectively and easily control water pollution. At the same time, the increasingly severe energy crisis and the air pollution caused by the burning of fossil energy also make the development of new energy sources an important research topic for scientists. Among them, supercapacitors and thermoelectric materials are environmentally friendly. It has a very broad application prospect. In this thesis, we used graphene oxide, nickel ion and silver ion as precursors and hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent to prepare Ni-AgR RGOG composite loaded with Ni-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles. The composition and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope. The magnetic properties of the composite were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer. The catalytic activity of the composite Ni-Ag@RGO was evaluated by the reduction of p-nitrophenol and the photodegradation of methyl orange. The process of the catalytic reaction was detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. After the reaction was finished, the catalyst was separated from the reaction system under the action of magnetic field, and its recycle performance was studied by reuse. In addition, the nickel nanoparticles were not stirred with go at high temperature, so that go was reduced and assembled to prepare RGO hydrogel, and then the aerogel was prepared by freeze-drying. The composition and morphology of aerogels were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption ability of aerogels was studied with organic dyes, oils and organic solvents. At the same time, the aerogel was used as electrode material of supercapacitor to analyze its specific capacitance and charge-discharge ability. Go was dispersed in acid solution of pyrrole and in situ polymerization was made by adding strong oxidant. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the composition and morphology of the materials. On this basis, the thermoelectric properties of the thermoelectric materials, such as Seebeck coefficient, conductivity and power molecules, were studied, and the thermoelectric properties of the materials synthesized under different precursor ratios and acidic conditions were compared.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ127.11;TB33

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