發(fā)布時間：2018-05-08 14:06

  本文選題：復合材料氣瓶 + 自緊優(yōu)化��； 參考：《大連理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：復合材料氣瓶作為一種氣體儲罐,以其比強度和比剛度高、抗疲勞性能好、質(zhì)量輕等諸多優(yōu)點,在航空航天、交通運輸、化工、醫(yī)療等領域得到廣泛應用。然而,復合材料氣瓶的安全性問題也逐漸凸顯,已受到相關學者和政府的普遍關注。復合材料氣瓶在正常工作時要不斷地進行氣體充放,故對其強度和疲勞性能要求較高；且復合材料氣瓶是由兩種力學性能差異較大的材料分別構成內(nèi)襯層和復合材料層,應力分布沿著壁厚方向較不均勻。因此,有必要對復合材料氣瓶進行性能優(yōu)化,減少甚至杜絕危險事故發(fā)生。本文對復合材料氣瓶進行應力分析和性能優(yōu)化,主要的研究工作和結論如下：(1)借助ANSYS軟件建立復合材料氣瓶的有限元模型,分析復合材料氣瓶在自緊壓力、零壓、水壓試驗壓力、工作壓力以及爆破壓力下的應力分布,并根據(jù)復合材料氣瓶強度失效準則對其強度進行校核。結果發(fā)現(xiàn)：復合材料氣瓶內(nèi)襯層內(nèi)壁應力水平高于外壁,復合材料層應力遠小于其材料抗拉強度；內(nèi)襯層和復合材料層的強度均滿足要求。(2)通過介紹復合材料氣瓶的自緊原理,對比自緊處理前后復合材料氣瓶在各工況下的應力分布情況,討論了自緊處理的必要性,進而對復合材料氣瓶進行自緊壓力優(yōu)化。結果表明：通過自緊處理,能有效降低復合材料氣瓶內(nèi)襯的應力水平,改善其應力分布,提高復合材料層的纖維利用率；通過自緊優(yōu)化得到復合材料氣瓶的最佳自緊壓力為37.9MPa,并經(jīng)過37.9MPa壓力處理后,工作壓力下復合材料氣瓶的承載能力提高了11.93%,復合材料層纖維的利用率提高了1.5倍左右。(3)將纖維混雜法應用于復合材料氣瓶材料和結構性能的優(yōu)化,在提出“當量厚度比”的基礎上,分析混雜比和纖維鋪層方式對復合材料氣瓶應力分布的影響。結果表明：混雜比為2：5時,復合材料氣瓶的綜合性能達到最優(yōu)：層間混雜比夾芯混雜更有利于提高復合材料氣瓶的承載能力。經(jīng)過優(yōu)化,工作壓力下復合材料氣瓶的承載能力提高了3.3%；氣瓶復合材料層的體積減少了30.3%,質(zhì)量降低了36.3%,在提高復合材料氣瓶承載能力的同時實現(xiàn)了復合材料層厚度的優(yōu)化。(4)研究自緊處理和纖維混雜對復合材料氣瓶疲勞性能的影響,分析應力幅、平均應力、許用循環(huán)次數(shù)和累積損傷隨自緊壓力和纖維混雜比的變化情況。結果發(fā)現(xiàn)：自緊處理能有效降低復合材料氣瓶內(nèi)襯的平均應力,進而提高其疲勞性能；通過在復合材料層混入一定量的高強度碳纖維,復合材料氣瓶內(nèi)襯的應力幅和平均應力逐漸降低,許用循環(huán)次數(shù)增加,累積損傷降低,有效提高了氣瓶的疲勞性能和使用壽命。
[Abstract]:As a kind of gas storage tank, composite gas cylinder has been widely used in aerospace, transportation, chemical industry, medical treatment and other fields because of its advantages such as high specific strength and stiffness, good fatigue resistance, light weight and so on. However, the safety problem of composite gas cylinders has been widely concerned by scholars and governments. Composite gas cylinders need to be continuously filled with gas in normal operation, so the strength and fatigue properties of composite cylinders are high, and composite gas cylinders are made up of two kinds of materials with different mechanical properties, which are inner lining layer and composite material layer, respectively. The stress distribution is uneven along the direction of wall thickness. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the performance of composite gas cylinders to reduce or even eliminate dangerous accidents. In this paper, stress analysis and performance optimization of composite gas cylinders are carried out. The main research work and conclusions are as follows: (1) the finite element model of composite gas cylinders is established by using ANSYS software, and the self-tightening pressure and zero pressure of composite gas cylinders are analyzed. The stress distribution of hydraulic test pressure, working pressure and blasting pressure, and the strength of composite cylinder were checked according to the failure criterion of composite gas cylinder strength. The results show that the stress level of the inner wall of the composite cylinder liner is higher than that of the outer wall, and the stress of the composite layer is much less than the tensile strength of the material, and the strength of the inner liner and composite layer both meet the requirements. By comparing the stress distribution of composite gas cylinders before and after self-tightening treatment, the necessity of self-tightening treatment was discussed, and then the self-tightening pressure of composite gas cylinders was optimized. The results show that the stress level of the composite cylinder liner can be effectively reduced, the stress distribution can be improved and the fiber utilization ratio of the composite layer can be increased by self-tightening treatment. The optimum self-tightening pressure of composite gas cylinder is 37.9MPa by self-tightening optimization. After 37.9MPa pressure treatment, Under working pressure, the bearing capacity of composite gas cylinders was increased by 11.93, and the utilization ratio of composite fiber layer increased by about 1.5 times.) the fiber hybrid method was applied to optimize the material and structure properties of composite gas cylinders. On the basis of "equivalent thickness ratio", the influence of hybrid ratio and fiber lamination on the stress distribution of composite cylinder is analyzed. The results show that when the hybrid ratio is 2:5, the comprehensive properties of composite gas cylinders reach the optimum, and interlaminar hybrid is more favorable than sandwich mixing to improve the bearing capacity of composite gas cylinders. After optimization, Under working pressure, the bearing capacity of composite cylinder increased by 3.3%, the volume of composite layer decreased by 30.3 and the mass decreased by 36.3. The thickness of composite layer was optimized by increasing the load-carrying capacity of composite cylinder at the same time. The effects of self-tightening treatment and fiber mixing on the fatigue properties of composite gas cylinders were studied. The variation of stress amplitude, average stress, allowable cycles and cumulative damage with self-tightening pressure and fiber hybrid ratio is analyzed. The results show that the self-tightening treatment can effectively reduce the average stress of the liner of the composite gas cylinder and then improve its fatigue performance, by mixing a certain amount of high strength carbon fiber into the composite layer, The stress amplitude and average stress of the composite cylinder liner decrease gradually, the allowable cycle times increase and the cumulative damage decreases, which effectively improves the fatigue performance and service life of the cylinder.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB33;TQ053.2

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本文編號：1861705