本文選題：超級(jí)電容器 + 多孔碳納米片��； 參考：《安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),新型儲(chǔ)能元件得到了快速發(fā)展,在手機(jī)和汽車等行業(yè)有潛在的應(yīng)用前景。其中,超級(jí)電容器因其循環(huán)壽命長(zhǎng)、功率密度高等特點(diǎn)受到了人們的青睞。相對(duì)于煤焦油、煤瀝青來(lái)說(shuō),洗油、甲基萘所含成分少,且結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,可以直接作為構(gòu)建超電容用多孔碳納米片的模塊。本文分別以洗油、甲基萘為碳源,采用模板法制備多孔碳納米片。采用氮吸脫附、FESEM和TEM等手段表征所得多孔碳納米片的結(jié)構(gòu)和形貌。作為電極材料組裝成水系紐扣式超級(jí)電容器后,采用循環(huán)伏安和恒流充放電等技術(shù)研究其儲(chǔ)電性能。主要結(jié)論如下:以洗油為碳源,片狀Ca(OH)2作模板協(xié)同KOH活化制得了多孔碳納米片。當(dāng)洗油質(zhì)量為8.0 g、Ca(OH)2模板為12.0 g,KOH為12.0 g,加熱終溫為800℃時(shí),制備的多孔碳納米片命名為PNS8-12-12-800,其比表面積(SBET)為887 m2/g,微孔表面積(Smic)為720 m2/g,平均孔徑(Dap)為2.09 nm。在6 M KOH電解液中,0.05 A/g電流密度下,PNS8-12-12-800的比容高達(dá)342.1 F/g,能量密度達(dá)11.88 Wh/kg,電流密度增大至20 A/g時(shí),比容為219.4 F/g,顯示了很高的容量。在5 A/g電流密度下,經(jīng)過(guò)7000次循環(huán),其容量保持率高達(dá)94.7%,表現(xiàn)出好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。以洗油為碳源,nano-CaCO3為模板耦合KOH活化,采用常規(guī)加熱法制備了不同孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的多孔碳納米片。當(dāng)洗油質(zhì)量為6.0 g、nano-CaCO3模板為9.0 g,KOH為12.0 g,加熱終溫為850℃時(shí),制得的多孔碳納米片命名為PNS6-9-12-850,其平均孔徑為7.52 nm,比表面積為1010 m2/g,樣品中含有豐富的微孔和中孔。在6 M KOH電解液中,0.05 A/g電流密度下,PNS6-9-12-850初始比容為221.9 F/g,當(dāng)電流密度從0.05 A/g增大到100 A/g時(shí),比容保持率高達(dá)79.4%,顯示了極好的速率性能。在0.2 A/g電流密度下,壓降IR僅為0.0013 V,顯示了很好的導(dǎo)電性。在5 A/g電流密度下,經(jīng)過(guò)9000次充放電,比容僅衰減2.9%。以甲基萘為碳源,nano-CaCO3為模板協(xié)同氫氧化鉀活化,制得了褶皺多孔碳納米片。當(dāng)甲基萘質(zhì)量為6.0 g、nano-CaCO3模板為6.0 g,KOH為12.0 g,加熱終溫為900℃時(shí),制備的褶皺多孔碳納米片命名為SPNS6-6-12-900,其孔徑介于1~6 nm之間,比表面積為1136 m2/g。樣品SPNS6-6-12-900含有一定量的含氧官能團(tuán)和少量含氮官能團(tuán)。在6 M KOH電解液中,0.05 A/g電流密度下,SPNS6-6-12-900比容高達(dá)286.5 F/g,電流密度增至100 A/g時(shí),比容保持在167.4 F/g。在5 A/g電流密度下,經(jīng)7000次循環(huán),比容保持率可達(dá)98.4%�？梢�(jiàn),褶皺多孔碳納米片具有卓越的電荷遷移能力和優(yōu)異的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, new energy storage components have been rapidly developed, and have potential applications in mobile phone and automobile industries. Among them, supercapacitors are favored because of their long cycle life and high power density. Compared with coal tar, coal tar, washing oil and methylnaphthalene contain less components, and the structure is relatively simple, which can be directly used as a module for building porous carbon nanochips for ultracapacitors. In this paper, porous carbon nanochips were prepared by template method using washing oil and methyl naphthalene as carbon source. The structure and morphology of the porous carbon nanoparticles were characterized by means of nitrogen adsorption and desorption (FESEM) and TEM. After the supercapacitors were assembled as electrode materials, the storage performance was studied by cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge techniques. The main conclusions are as follows: porous carbon nanoparticles were prepared by using washing oil as carbon source, flake Ca(OH)2 as template and KOH activation. When the quality of washing oil is 8.0 g / g, the template is 12.0 g / kg Koh and the final heating temperature is 800 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1849182