本文選題：銀納米結(jié)構(gòu) + 合成方法�。� 參考：《華北電力大學(北京)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著化石能源的日漸枯竭,如何解決能源緊缺的問題已經(jīng)成為全球共同關(guān)注的熱點,深入開發(fā)應(yīng)用低碳、綠色、環(huán)保、低成本的新材料是解決能源危機及環(huán)境問題的重要舉措。銀納米材料作為重要的金屬納米材料之一,因其優(yōu)異的光、電、磁、熱等性質(zhì),使其在催化、電子、光伏發(fā)電等領(lǐng)域具有巨大的潛在應(yīng)用價值。但目前對于低維銀納米材料的可控制備工藝和修飾改性方面仍然存在一些問題,在很大程度阻礙和限制了低維銀納米材料的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用�；诖�,本論文闡述了不同形貌低維銀納米結(jié)構(gòu)的制備方法,研究了不同形貌銀納米結(jié)構(gòu)的生長機理及影響因素。進一步以合成的銀納米材料為基礎(chǔ),一方面研究了磁控濺射法和超聲波法對銀納米線的形貌調(diào)控,以及無序銀納米線的定向排列。另一方面研究了銀納米顆粒和銀納米線輔助硅刻蝕的內(nèi)在機理。此外,合成了Ag-Ag2S和Ag2S-NiO復(fù)合納米材料,并對其光催化性能進行了研究。具體研究工作包括：利用水熱合成法制備了不同形貌的銀納米結(jié)構(gòu)。通過調(diào)節(jié)PVP和Na2S的用量合成了形貌可控的銀納米顆粒、銀納米立方體及銀納米多面體。利用銀晶核生長的方法制備了一種內(nèi)部包裹有團聚銀納米顆粒的球形特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。此外,研究了磁控濺射法在硅片表面制備了半球形、橢球狀、大面積聚集不規(guī)則形狀銀納米顆粒,闡述了顆粒尺寸與濺射時間的關(guān)系。利用水熱法制備了具有較高長徑比的銀納米線,并以此為基礎(chǔ),一方面研究了磁控濺射法可控制備了具有豐富“刺狀”突起的銀納米線結(jié)構(gòu),討論了濺射時間與修飾程度之間的關(guān)系,以及修飾后銀納米線的SERS性能。另一方面研究了超聲波在液體環(huán)境中對銀納米線造成的彎折和折斷,分析了不同直徑銀納米線彎折及斷裂處銀原子排列情況,進一步研究了超聲后銀納米線的吸收光譜。此外,對分散在揮發(fā)性溶劑里無序的銀納米線在鋪展過程中實現(xiàn)大面積定向排列進行了研究,分析了液體微流產(chǎn)生的沖擊力和銀納米線與襯底之間的粘附力以及分散液的快速揮發(fā)對銀納米線定向的影響,同時提出了定向后銀納米線的轉(zhuǎn)移方法。以磁控濺射制備的銀納米顆粒和水熱合成的銀納米線為基礎(chǔ),研究了銀納米顆粒與銀納米線輔助刻蝕硅過程。在激光照射條件下,銀納米顆粒產(chǎn)生的LSPR效應(yīng)在硅表面形成了“彈坑狀”刻蝕結(jié)構(gòu),基于麥氏理論和電化學理論分析了刻蝕過程與刻蝕機理,闡述了銀納米顆粒的散射半徑與“彈坑狀”結(jié)構(gòu)的開口尺寸之間的關(guān)系。另一方面研究了銀納米線輔助硅刻蝕過程,論述了銀納米線與硅基底表面的接觸程度對刻蝕結(jié)構(gòu)由光滑刻蝕槽到粗糙的多孔硅刻蝕槽轉(zhuǎn)變過程的影響,揭示了銀納米線輔助硅刻蝕過程的刻蝕機理。合成了Ag-Ag2S復(fù)合納米結(jié)構(gòu),闡述了鏈狀A(yù)g-Ag2S復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和Ag-Ag2S復(fù)合納米顆粒的形成過程及結(jié)構(gòu)特點。此外,利用Ag2S和NiO通過水熱反應(yīng)制備了Ag2S-NiO復(fù)合納米結(jié)構(gòu),闡述了該復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點。可見光光催化性能研究結(jié)果表明這兩種復(fù)合納米結(jié)構(gòu)均具有良好的可見光光催化性能。
[Abstract]:With the depletion of fossil energy, how to solve the problem of energy shortage has become a hot topic of common concern in the world. Developing new materials with low carbon, green, environmental protection and low cost is an important measure to solve the energy crisis and environmental problems. Silver nanomaterials are one of the most important metal nanomaterials, because of their excellent light and electricity. Magnetic, thermal and other properties have great potential applications in the fields of catalytic, electronic and photovoltaic power generation. However, there are still some problems in the controllable preparation and modification of low dimensional silver nanomaterials, which hinders and restricts the development and application of low dimensional silver nanomaterials to a great extent. Based on this, this paper describes the development and application of low dimensional silver nanomaterials. The growth mechanism and influence factors of different morphologies of silver nanostructures were studied with different morphologies. On the basis of the synthesized silver nanomaterials, the morphology and regulation of the silver nanowires and the directional arrangement of the disordered silver nanowires were studied on the basis of the synthesized silver nanomaterials. On the other hand, the study of the disordered silver nanowires was studied. The intrinsic mechanism of silver nanoparticles and silver nanowires assisted silicon etching was made. In addition, Ag-Ag2S and Ag2S-NiO composite nanomaterials were synthesized and their photocatalytic properties were studied. The specific research work included the preparation of silver nanostructures with different morphologies by hydrothermal synthesis. The morphologies were controlled by adjusting the amount of PVP and Na2S. Silver nanoparticles, silver nano cubes and silver nano polyhedron are used to prepare a special spherical structure containing agglomerated silver nanoparticles by the method of ArgentCrystal nuclear growth. In addition, the magnetron sputtering method is used to prepare the hemispherical, ellipsoid and large area irregular shape silver nanoparticles on the surface of the silicon wafer. The relationship between size and sputtering time. The silver nanowires with a high ratio of length to diameter were prepared by hydrothermal method. On the basis of this, the structure of silver nanowires with rich "spiny" protuberances could be controlled by magnetron sputtering. The relationship between the sputtering time and the degree of modification, and the SERS of the modified silver nanowires were discussed. On the other hand, the bending and breaking of the silver nanowires in the liquid environment were studied. The arrangement of silver atoms at the bending and fracture of the silver nanowires with different diameters was analyzed. The absorption spectrum of the silver nanowires after ultrasonic was further studied. In addition, the disordered silver nanowires dispersed in the volatile solvents were spread out in the spreading process. The effect of the impact force produced by the liquid micro flow and the adhesion between the silver nanowires and the substrate and the rapid volatilization of the dispersing liquid on the orientation of the silver nanowires are analyzed. At the same time, the transfer method of the silver nanowires after the orientation is put forward. The silver nanoparticles and the hydrothermal synthesis of silver prepared by the magnetically controlled splash are made. On the basis of nanowires, the process of etching silicon with silver nanowires and silver nanowires was studied. Under the condition of laser irradiation, the LSPR effect produced by silver nanoparticles formed a "crater like" etching structure on the silicon surface. The etching process and etching mechanism were analyzed based on the theory of Mai's theory and electrochemistry, and the scattering half of the silver nanoparticles was expounded. The relationship between the diameter and the opening size of the "crater like" structure was studied. On the other hand, the effect of the silver nanowires on the etching process was studied. The influence of the contact degree of the silver nanowires with the surface of the silicon substrate on the transformation process of the etching structure from the smooth etching slot to the rough porous silicon etching slot was discussed, and the etching process of the silver nanowires assisted silicon etching was revealed. The Ag-Ag2S composite nanostructure was synthesized. The formation process and structure characteristics of the chain like Ag-Ag2S composite structure and Ag-Ag2S composite nanoparticles were described. In addition, Ag2S-NiO composite nanostructures were prepared by hydrothermal reaction by Ag2S and NiO, and the structure characteristics of the composite structure were described. The results of the visible light photocatalytic properties were shown. These two composite nanostructures exhibit good photocatalytic properties under visible light.

【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學(北京)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TB383.1;TQ131.22

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