本文選題：重金屬離子 + 超順磁性納米顆粒�。� 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：重金屬污染物具有低濃度致毒、毒性持久、不可降解性和可通過食物鏈富集進(jìn)入人體并在人體內(nèi)累積等特點(diǎn),進(jìn)入水體會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染問題。如何去除廢水中的重金屬污染物以消除其環(huán)境危害,是人們亟待解決的重要環(huán)境問題。在眾多去除技術(shù)中,近年來,基于超順磁性吸附劑的技術(shù)因具有快速、高效和簡單等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而受到廣泛關(guān)注。然而,該技術(shù)存在超順磁性吸附劑的回收過程過度依賴于高磁場(chǎng)和高磁場(chǎng)梯度的使用且難以放大的問題。為解決這一難題,本文將氣泡對(duì)顆粒的表面作用力這種新力引入到磁分離過程中以期能顯著降低磁分離過程對(duì)磁力的依賴,建立可高效用于重金屬廢水處理的氣助超順磁分離技術(shù)。研究內(nèi)容主要包括以下三個(gè)方面:(1)制備了一種新的長鏈聚乙二醇修飾的Fe_3O_4超順磁性納米顆粒,該吸附劑對(duì)重金屬Cr(VI),Pb(II),和Cu(II)離子的最大飽和吸附容量分別為:15.07 mg/g,21.27 mg/g,41.0 mg/g,在大約60 min內(nèi)達(dá)到吸附平衡,獲得了溶液pH值、吸附劑投加量、離子強(qiáng)度對(duì)其吸附性能的影響規(guī)律,證明了聚乙二醇的包覆使磁性納米顆粒具有更好的耐酸性能。(2)以Fe_3O_4/PEG、Fe_3O_4/HA-Na和Fe_3O_4/PPy超順磁性納米顆粒分別用于去除Cu(II)、Pb(II)、Cr(VI)廢水溶液為模擬體系,開展了氣助磁分離用于從廢水中高效回收吸附了重金屬的磁性納米顆粒的可行性研究,考察了氣體流速、金屬離子負(fù)載量、pH值、磁顆粒濃度、分離距離等因素對(duì)氣助磁分離效率的影響。結(jié)果表明:氣泡能顯著加速磁分離過程,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)磁性納米顆粒的遠(yuǎn)距離高效捕獲,可通過調(diào)節(jié)氣速、離子強(qiáng)度和溶液pH值等實(shí)現(xiàn)過程的進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化。與單純磁分離進(jìn)行對(duì)比,氣助磁分離具有更高效、可遠(yuǎn)距離捕獲、過程強(qiáng)化可不依賴于磁力和對(duì)低濃度磁顆粒的回收更高效的優(yōu)點(diǎn),是一種有前景的易于放大的從稀溶液重金屬廢水中高效回收磁性納米顆粒的方法。(3)通過對(duì)氣泡和上述三種負(fù)載重金屬磁性納米顆粒的Zeta電位的測(cè)量,從氣泡和顆粒間靜電作用力的角度,考察了重金屬負(fù)載量、pH值和離子強(qiáng)度對(duì)負(fù)載有重金屬的磁顆粒和氣泡間的靜電作用力的影響規(guī)律,結(jié)合前期實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的驗(yàn)證,初步探討和解析了上述三個(gè)參數(shù)對(duì)氣助超順磁分離過程的調(diào)控機(jī)理。
[Abstract]:Heavy metal pollutants have the characteristics of low concentration toxicity, persistent toxicity, non-degradability and accumulation into human body through the food chain, which will lead to serious environmental pollution. How to remove heavy metal pollutants from wastewater to eliminate environmental hazards is an important environmental problem to be solved. In recent years, the technology based on superparamagnetic adsorbent has attracted wide attention because of its advantages of rapidity, high efficiency and simplicity. However, the recovery process of superparamagnetic adsorbent is too dependent on the use of high magnetic field and high magnetic gradient and is difficult to amplify. In order to solve this problem, the new force of bubble acting on the surface of particles is introduced into the magnetic separation process in order to reduce the dependence of magnetic force on the magnetic separation process. A gas-assisted superparamagnetic separation technique for heavy metal wastewater treatment was established. A novel long chain polyethylene glycol modified Fe_3O_4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles were prepared in the following three aspects. The maximum saturated adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for the heavy metal CrVII-PbCII, and CuOII) is respectively: 15.07 mg / g ~ 21.27 mg / g ~ 41.0 mg / g, and the adsorption equilibrium is achieved in about 60 min. The effects of pH value, adsorbent dosage and ionic strength on the adsorption performance are obtained. It has been proved that the coating of polyethylene glycol makes magnetic nanoparticles have better acid resistance. The feasibility of gas assisted magnetic separation (GASM) for recovering high efficiency magnetic nanoparticles adsorbed heavy metals from wastewater was studied. The gas flow rate, metal ion loading amount, pH value and magnetic particle concentration were investigated. The effect of separation distance and other factors on the separation efficiency of gas-assisted magnetic separation. The results show that the bubble can accelerate the magnetic separation process significantly and achieve the long distance and high efficiency capture of the magnetic nanoparticles, which can be further strengthened by adjusting the gas velocity, ionic strength and pH value of the solution. Compared with pure magnetic separation, gas-assisted magnetic separation has the advantages of more efficient, long-range capture, process enhancement independent of magnetic force and more efficient recovery of low concentration magnetic particles. It is a promising and easy to amplify method for recovering magnetic nanoparticles efficiently from heavy metal wastewater of dilute solution by measuring the Zeta potential of bubbles and the three magnetic nanoparticles loaded with heavy metals. From the point of view of electrostatic force between bubbles and particles, the effects of heavy metal loading amount, pH value and ionic strength on the electrostatic force between magnetic particles loaded with heavy metals and between bubbles were investigated. The regulation mechanism of these three parameters on the gas-assisted superparamagnetic separation process is discussed and analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703;TQ028.8

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本文編號(hào)：1797534