本文選題：旋流分離器 + 液固兩相流��； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：固液旋流分離器由于具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、操作方便、分離效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在原油除砂、化工分離和礦漿濃縮等方面得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。但是,在實際工業(yè)應(yīng)用過程中,固液旋流分離器也存在一些問題,主要表現(xiàn)在動力消耗大、運(yùn)行周期短、壁面磨損嚴(yán)重等方面。其中,壁面磨損問題是制約著固液旋流分離器的發(fā)展的首要問題。壁面磨損會加快分離器的失效,使用壽命和分離效率嚴(yán)重降低。從目前國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀來看,人們對固液旋流分離器的認(rèn)識還不夠深入,多數(shù)結(jié)論認(rèn)識都來自現(xiàn)場經(jīng)驗,對于影響壁面磨損的因素更是缺乏系統(tǒng)的分析。本文針對固液旋流分離器壁面磨損問題,基于計算流體力學(xué)(CFD)方法,采用數(shù)值模擬與理論分析相結(jié)合的方式,深入的研究了固液旋流分離器壁面的磨損情況。首先介紹了利用CFD商業(yè)軟件Fluent求解固液旋流分離器壁面磨損的計算方法。然后基于固液兩相流的基本理論,對固液旋流分離器內(nèi)部流場進(jìn)行了分析。先求出以常溫下清水為介質(zhì)的單相穩(wěn)定流場,加入離散相顆粒。最后深入分析了液固兩相流中粒子的運(yùn)動特征,得到顆粒與壁面的碰撞角度、碰撞速度以及碰撞位置等信息,通過帶入所選取的磨損量計算公式,即可得到分離器壁面情況。通過模擬試驗得到的壓力降結(jié)果與文獻(xiàn)實驗結(jié)果的對比,驗證了本次模擬的準(zhǔn)確性。在上述基礎(chǔ)上,計算模擬了固液旋流分離器壁面的磨損情況。結(jié)果表明:固液旋流分離器壁面磨損為局部磨損,主要磨損部位有入口環(huán)形空間部分區(qū)域、圓筒體的磨損帶區(qū)域以及圓錐體下端區(qū)域。環(huán)形空間壁面在圓周方向位置,壁面磨損隨著方位角的增大呈先增大后減小的分布趨勢;圓筒體壁面磨損率成波狀分布,有較為明顯的波峰和波谷;在圓錐體部分沿著軸向向下壁面磨損率越來越大,在錐體末端附近達(dá)到最大值,隨后又明顯降低。研究了不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)(錐角大小、溢流管直徑、入口面積)、入口形式、以及工況參數(shù)(入口速度、粒子濃度、粒徑大小)對固液旋流分離器壁面磨損的影響規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果表明:這些參數(shù)都是影響固液旋流分離器壁面磨損的重要因素,對固液旋流分離器壁面磨損部位分布以及壁面磨損率都有著不同程度的影響。通過本文的分析研究工作,能夠為固液旋流分離器的結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)、尺寸優(yōu)化以及防磨措施提供指導(dǎo)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Solid-liquid cyclone separator has been widely used in crude oil sand removal, chemical separation and slurry concentration because of its advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and high separation efficiency. However, in the process of practical industrial application, there are some problems in solid-liquid cyclone separator, such as large power consumption, short running period, serious wall wear and so on. Among them, wall wear is the most important problem that restricts the development of solid-liquid cyclone separator. Wall wear will speed up the separator failure, service life and separation efficiency seriously reduced. From the current research situation at home and abroad, people's understanding of solid-liquid cyclone separator is not deep enough, most of the conclusions are from field experience, and the factors affecting wall wear are lack of systematic analysis. In this paper, based on the method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the combination of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, the wall wear of solid / liquid cyclone separator is studied in depth, aiming at the problem of wall wear of solid / liquid cyclone separator. First, the calculation method of wall wear of solid-liquid cyclone separator by CFD commercial software Fluent is introduced. Then, based on the basic theory of solid-liquid two-phase flow, the internal flow field of solid-liquid cyclone separator is analyzed. The single phase steady flow field with clear water as the medium at room temperature is obtained, and discrete phase particles are added. Finally, the motion characteristics of particles in liquid-solid two-phase flow are analyzed in depth. The impact angle, collision velocity and collision position of particles and wall are obtained, and the wall condition of separator can be obtained by introducing the selected formula to calculate the wear quantity. The accuracy of the simulation is verified by comparing the pressure drop results obtained from the simulation experiments with the experimental results in literature. On the basis of the above, the wall wear of solid-liquid cyclone separator is simulated. The results show that the wall wear of the liquid-solid cyclone separator is local, and the main wear parts are the entrance ring space, the wear zone of the cylinder and the lower end of the cone. In the circumferential direction of circular space, the wall wear increases first and then decreases with the increase of azimuth angle, and the wall wear rate of the cylinder becomes wave-like, with obvious wave peaks and troughs. The wear rate of the pyramidal part along the axial downward wall is increasing, reaching the maximum near the end of the cone, and then decreasing obviously. The effects of different structural parameters (cone angle diameter of overflow pipe inlet area) inlet form and operating conditions (inlet velocity particle concentration particle size) on wall wear of solid-liquid cyclone separator were studied. The results show that these parameters are important factors affecting wall wear of solid-liquid cyclone separator, and have different effects on the distribution of wall wear and wall wear rate of solid-liquid cyclone separator. Through the analysis and research work in this paper, it can provide the guidance basis for the structure improvement, the dimension optimization and the anti-wear measures of the solid-liquid cyclone separator.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ051.8

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本文編號：1783059