本文選題：陶瓷膜 + 采油廢水��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著油田采油技術(shù)的不斷革新,產(chǎn)生出了大量的采油廢水,成分復(fù)雜,極難處理。目前,隔油——?dú)飧　^濾“老三段”處理工藝仍然是各油田的主流處理工藝,但對(duì)于水質(zhì)復(fù)雜的采油廢水,“老三段”及其常規(guī)處理工藝已經(jīng)越來越凸顯出其弊端,導(dǎo)致工藝出水達(dá)不到油田回注水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),如《大慶油田地面工程建設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)定》中的“雙20”(含油量20 mg/L,懸浮物20 mg/L)回注水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和《碎屑巖油藏注水水質(zhì)推薦指標(biāo)及分析方法》(SY/T5329-2012)中的“5 1 1”(含油量5 mg/L,懸浮物1 mg/L,粒徑中值1μm)回注水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而不達(dá)標(biāo)回注水的長期作用則會(huì)對(duì)低滲透油田的地層造成嚴(yán)重的損害,導(dǎo)致地層結(jié)垢現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,滲透率下降,石油采出率減少。本課題通過試驗(yàn)研究幾種常規(guī)及組合處理工藝對(duì)采油廢水的處理效果,作為陶瓷膜預(yù)處理工藝,探究陶瓷膜深度處理采油廢水的運(yùn)行效果,終端把關(guān)廢水中油含量、懸浮物及離子含量,使出水穩(wěn)定達(dá)到“5 1 1”的回注水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),減緩回注水對(duì)低滲透油田地層和回注設(shè)施的損害,提高采油率。通過常規(guī)及組合處理工藝最佳實(shí)驗(yàn)條件的確定,并分析其預(yù)處理采油廢水出水水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)情況,可得出以下結(jié)論:氣浮處理工藝最佳操作參數(shù)為溶氣壓力0.4 MPa,氣水比1:11,對(duì)懸浮物、含油量、COD和粘度的去除率分別為30%、68%、11.5%和15.6%,對(duì)聚合物和表面活性劑幾乎沒有去除效果;混凝處理工藝的最佳投加量為30 mg/L,pH在6~8左右,對(duì)COD、懸浮物、含油量和聚合物的去除率分別為42.89%、98.2%、96.98%和62.3%;砂濾處理工藝的最佳濾速為3.1 m/h,對(duì)懸浮物、含油量、COD和聚合物的去除率分別為94%、87.7%、12%和12.5%,對(duì)粘度、表活劑幾乎沒有去除效果。單體處理工藝出水含油量、懸浮物去除率基本都在90%以上,但對(duì)聚合物和COD的去除率較低,出水不能達(dá)到“雙20”或“5 1 1”回注水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而組合工藝“氣浮-臭氧氧化”和“電化學(xué)-混凝”出水均能夠達(dá)到“雙20”回注水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但不能達(dá)到“51 1”回注水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),回注地下存在對(duì)地層的危害。采用兩級(jí)陶瓷膜系統(tǒng)深度處理水驅(qū)和三元驅(qū)采油廢水,通過試驗(yàn)分析,可以得出:陶瓷膜通量下降趨勢(shì)很明顯,運(yùn)行一段時(shí)間排濃并加強(qiáng)清洗,可以增加陶瓷膜運(yùn)行時(shí)間;陶瓷膜處理水驅(qū)廢水8 h排濃一次,可穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,處理三元驅(qū)廢水4 h排濃一次,可穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行31.6 h,出水能夠穩(wěn)定達(dá)到“5 1 1”回注水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。水驅(qū)污染膜采用氫氧化鈉+次氯酸鈉清洗效果好,三元驅(qū)污染膜采用氫氧化鈉+EDTA+硝酸清洗效果顯著。通過對(duì)陶瓷膜進(jìn)出水進(jìn)行ICP分析,我們得出(1)陶瓷膜對(duì)廢水中主要離子的去除率與離子半徑呈正相關(guān),離子半徑越大,離子去除率越高;(2)對(duì)陰離子的去除率要稍高于陽離子;(3)離子所帶電荷越多,陶瓷膜對(duì)其去除率也越大。
[Abstract]:With the continuous innovation of oil production technology, a large amount of oil production wastewater is produced, the composition is complex, and it is very difficult to treat.At present, the "old third stage" treatment process is still the mainstream treatment process in various oilfields, but the "old third stage" and its conventional treatment process have become more and more obvious to the complex water quality of oil production wastewater, and the disadvantages of the "old third stage" and its conventional treatment process have become more and more obvious.As a result, the effluent of the process does not reach the standard of oil field water injection,For example, "Shuang 20" (oil content 20 mg / L, suspended matter 20 mg / L) in "Daqing Oilfield Surface Engineering Construction Design Regulation" and "51 1" (Oil content in SYP. T5329-2012) in Water injection Standard and recommended Water quality Index and Analysis method for Clastic Reservoir5 mg / L, suspended matter 1 mg / L, median particle size 1 渭 m) water injection standard.However, the long-term action of substandard water injection will cause serious damage to the formation of low permeability oil field, resulting in serious formation scaling phenomenon, the decrease of permeability and the decrease of oil recovery rate.In this paper, the treatment effect of several conventional and combined treatment processes on oil recovery wastewater is studied. As a ceramic membrane pretreatment process, the operation effect of advanced treatment of oil recovery wastewater by ceramic membrane is explored, and the oil content in the wastewater is checked by the terminal.The content of suspended solids and ions can make the water supply reach the standard of "511", slow down the damage of water injection to the formation and injection facilities of low permeability oilfield, and improve the oil recovery rate.Through the determination of the optimum experimental conditions of conventional and combined treatment processes, and the analysis of the water quality standard of the pre-treated oil recovery wastewater, the following conclusions can be drawn: the best operating parameters of the flotation treatment process are the dissolved gas pressure 0.4 MPA, the ratio of air to water 1: 11, and the suspended solids.The removal rates of oil content and polymer were 96.98% and 62.3%, respectively, the optimum filtration rate of sand filtration process was 3.1 m / h, and the removal rates of suspended matter, oil content COD and polymer were 947.712% and 12.5%, respectively.The oil content and the removal rate of suspended matter are above 90%, but the removal rate of polymer and COD is low, and the effluent can not reach the standard of "double 20" or "511" water injection.The combined process of "air floatation-ozone oxidation" and "electrochemical coagulation" can meet the water injection standard of "double 20", but can not reach the standard of "51 1", and the underground reinjection is harmful to the formation.The two-stage ceramic membrane system is used for advanced treatment of water drive and ternary flooding oil recovery wastewater. Through experimental analysis, it can be concluded that the flux of ceramic membrane decreases obviously, and the running time of ceramic membrane can be increased by removing concentration and strengthening cleaning for a period of time.The treatment of water drive wastewater by ceramic membrane can be carried out stably once for 8 h, and once for 4 hours for the treatment of ternary flooding wastewater. The effluent can run steadily for 31.6 hours, and the effluent can reach the standard of "511" water injection.Sodium hydroxide sodium hypochlorite was used to clean the polluted film in water drive, and sodium hydroxide EDTA nitric acid was used to clean the film in ternary flooding.Through the ICP analysis of ceramic membrane in and out of water, we draw the conclusion that the removal rate of main ions in wastewater by ceramic membrane is positively correlated with the ion radius, and the larger the ion radius, the larger the ion radius.The higher the ion removal rate is, the higher the removal rate of anions is.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ028.8;X741

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本文編號(hào)：1736874