本文選題：密閉電石爐　切入點(diǎn)：凈化灰　出處：《北京化工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：密閉電石爐產(chǎn)生的尾氣含有50-150g/Nm~3的粉塵,一般需通過(guò)凈化裝置進(jìn)行處理方可回收利用。凈化處理時(shí)尾氣首先進(jìn)入沉降器將40%-50%的大顆粒粉塵沉降下來(lái),然后經(jīng)空冷器進(jìn)行降溫除塵,再進(jìn)入布袋除塵器進(jìn)行精過(guò)濾,經(jīng)沉降器、空冷器及布袋除塵器收集的固體粉塵一般稱之為凈化除塵灰(簡(jiǎn)稱凈化灰)。目前主要的處理方式為填埋,而灰分中含有較高的氧化鈣、氧化鎂、堿類和氰等,會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染和資源浪費(fèi)。因此,對(duì)凈化灰回收利用工藝技術(shù)進(jìn)行改進(jìn),具有較大的環(huán)保、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效益。本文首先深入分析了凈化灰產(chǎn)生機(jī)理和理化性質(zhì),選擇制定出利用凈化灰替代蘭炭粉末進(jìn)行焚燒的回收利用方案,通過(guò)對(duì)凈化灰收集系統(tǒng)、管道輸送系統(tǒng)、終端存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)、焚燒系統(tǒng)、灰渣回收系統(tǒng)等五大系統(tǒng)的原有設(shè)計(jì)工藝存在的缺陷進(jìn)行研究分析和優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中取得了較好的成效。主要工作如下：1、凈化灰理化性質(zhì)分析表明,凈化灰鈣、鎂含量較高,含水量低,與蘭炭末相比幾乎可以忽略,揮發(fā)分約為蘭炭末的6倍,含碳量約為蘭炭末的二分之一,發(fā)熱量不到蘭炭末的三分之一。2、原有凈化灰存儲(chǔ)倉(cāng)采用人工控制卸灰閥放灰,改進(jìn)后,存儲(chǔ)倉(cāng)與氮?dú)夤捱B接,保證足夠的氮?dú)鉂舛?防止凈化灰自燃,且系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)儲(chǔ)灰倉(cāng)輸送程序輸送,輸送完畢后再次卸灰,如此間歇輸送。3、原輸送工藝使用自卸車接灰,費(fèi)用高且存在環(huán)境污染和安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。改進(jìn)后,采用氣力輸送技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)封閉式輸送,確保安全輸送,降低凈化灰卸灰、輸送時(shí)對(duì)環(huán)境造成的污染。4、由管道輸送過(guò)來(lái)的凈化灰集中儲(chǔ)存在錐形儲(chǔ)灰罐中。原儲(chǔ)存系統(tǒng)未通入氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù),易發(fā)生自燃,未加裝流化板,下灰不暢易堵塞管道,給檢修工作帶來(lái)很大的困難。改進(jìn)后,解決了凈化灰粘壁、下灰不暢、堵塞管道、灰量難控制及存在粉塵爆炸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等諸多問(wèn)題。5、使用純蘭炭粉時(shí)沸騰爐風(fēng)管壓力較高,使用凈化灰時(shí),沸騰爐風(fēng)管壓力下降。因此,使用凈化灰代替蘭炭,適當(dāng)降低沸騰爐風(fēng)管壓力,且效果較好。6、對(duì)灰渣回收系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),即在灰渣倉(cāng)頂部加裝旋風(fēng)除塵器,大顆�；以�(jīng)旋風(fēng)沉降后直接進(jìn)入灰渣倉(cāng),灰渣中少量細(xì)渣和灰分經(jīng)負(fù)壓管道吸至布袋除塵器內(nèi)。該工藝效果較好,布袋未出現(xiàn)燒損問(wèn)題,延長(zhǎng)了布袋更換周期,同時(shí)降低了檢修工作量。
[Abstract]:The tail gas produced by closed calcium carbide furnace contains 50-150g/Nm~3 dust.In the process of purification and treatment, the tail gas first enters the precipitator and settles 40% to 50% of the large particle dust, then it is cooled and dusted by an air cooler, and then it enters the bag dust collector for fine filtration, and then it passes through the settler.The solid dust collected by air cooler and bag precipitator is generally called purifying dust.At present, the main treatment is landfill, and ash contains high calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, alkalinity and cyanide, which will cause serious environmental pollution and waste of resources.Therefore, it has great environmental, economic and social benefits to improve the recovery and utilization technology of purified ash.In this paper, the mechanism and physical and chemical properties of purifying ash are analyzed in depth, and the recovery and utilization scheme of incineration using purified ash instead of blue charcoal powder is selected. The collection system, pipeline transportation system and terminal storage system of purifying ash are analyzed through the analysis of purification ash collection system, pipeline transportation system and terminal storage system.The defects in the original design process of the five systems, such as incineration system and ash and slag recovery system, were studied and optimized, and good results were obtained in production practice.The main work is as follows: 1. The physicochemical properties of purified ash show that the content of calcium and magnesium in purified ash is high, the water content is low, and the volatile content is about 6 times as much as that of blue charcoal, and the carbon content is about 1/2 of that of blue charcoal.The calorific value is less than 1/3. 2 of the blue charcoal powder. The original cleaning ash storage bin uses manual control ash unloading valve to release ash. After improvement, the storage bin is connected with the nitrogen tank to ensure sufficient nitrogen concentration to prevent the purification ash from spontaneous combustion.The system automatically starts the conveying process of ash storage bin and unloads the ash again after the transportation is finished. The original conveying process uses the dump truck to connect the ash with high cost and environmental pollution and safety risk.After improvement, the pneumatic conveying technology is adopted to realize the closed conveying, to ensure the safe transportation, to reduce the pollution caused by the clean ash unloading, to pollute the environment when conveying, and to store the purified ash from the pipeline in the conical ash storage tank.Since the original storage system is not protected by nitrogen gas, it is easy to occur spontaneous combustion, no fluidized plate is installed, and the ash is not smooth and easy to block the pipeline, which brings great difficulties to the maintenance work.After improvement, many problems such as sticking to the wall of purifying ash, impairing the lower ash, blocking the pipe, controlling the ash quantity and the risk of dust explosion are solved. 5. The pressure of the blast tube of the fluidized bed furnace is higher when using pure blue charcoal powder, and the pressure of the blast tube of the fluidized bed furnace decreases with the use of the purified ash.Therefore, using purifying ash instead of orchid charcoal, properly reducing the pressure of fluidized bed furnace blast tube, and the effect is better. 6. The optimum design of ash recovery system is carried out, that is, adding cyclone dust collector to the top of ash bin,The large particle ash directly enters the ash bin after the whirlwind settling, and a small amount of fine slag and ash in the ash is absorbed into the bag dust collector by negative pressure pipeline.The effect of this process is good, the bag does not appear burning problem, prolongs the replacement period of cloth bag, and reduces the overhauling work at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ161

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