本文選題：表面活性劑　切入點：減阻　出處：《湖南工業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在流體中加入微量的高分子聚合物或表面活性劑可顯著降低湍流流體的摩擦阻力,該流體被稱為添加劑減阻流體。由于表面活性劑在抗機械降解性上優(yōu)于高分子聚合物,因此更適用于閉式循環(huán)系統(tǒng)和長距離管道運輸系統(tǒng)。相對于十六烷基三甲基溴化銨表面活性劑(cetyltrimetyl Ammonium bromide,CTAB)水溶液,至今國內(nèi)對CTAB在固體顆粒水力輸送中的減阻研究還從未有過。為探討表面活性劑在固體顆粒水力輸送中的減阻特性,通過敞開式半循環(huán)水流系統(tǒng)分析了固液兩相流的水力坡度與固體質(zhì)量濃度及顆粒粒徑之間的關(guān)系,并使用直徑為10mm的不銹鋼圓管研究了不同CTAB濃度在水溶液和固體顆粒水力輸送中的減阻特性。在敞開式半循環(huán)水流系統(tǒng)中測量了不同固體顆粒濃度和粒徑下固液兩相流的水力坡度的變化規(guī)律。實驗結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):在相同的粒徑下,固液兩相流的水力坡度隨著溶液中的固體質(zhì)量濃度增加而增大。在相同的固體質(zhì)量濃度下,固液兩相流的水力坡度隨著溶液中顆粒粒徑增大而減小。CTAB減阻實驗結(jié)果表明:固體質(zhì)量濃度和粒徑恒定的情況下,CTAB在固體顆粒水力輸送中減阻的條件是CTAB濃度超過某個臨界值。在相同的固體質(zhì)量濃度和粒徑下,固液兩相流的水力坡度隨著CTAB濃度的增大而減小;在CTAB濃度一定的情況下,固體顆粒水力輸送中CTAB的減阻能力隨著固體質(zhì)量濃度的增加而顯著降低,且隨著粒徑的減小而減弱。由固體質(zhì)量濃度和粒徑引起流場中剪切應(yīng)力的變化可認為是造成CTAB減阻能力發(fā)生改變的主要原因。CTAB減阻技術(shù)應(yīng)用于固體顆粒水力輸送中可減少固液兩相流系統(tǒng)中泵能的消耗。這對長距離固體顆粒水力輸送具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:The friction resistance of turbulent fluid can be significantly reduced by adding a small amount of polymer or surfactant to the fluid, which is called additive drag reducing fluid.Surfactant is more suitable for closed circulation system and long distance pipeline transportation system because of its better mechanical degradation resistance than polymer.Compared with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetyltrimetyl Ammonium bromideCTAB) aqueous solution, the drag reduction of CTAB in hydraulic transport of solid particles has never been studied in China.In order to study the drag reduction characteristics of surfactants in hydraulic transport of solid particles, the relationship between hydraulic gradient of solid-liquid two-phase flow and solid mass concentration and particle size was analyzed by open-loop flow system.The drag reduction characteristics of stainless steel pipe with diameter of 10mm in aqueous solution and solid particle hydraulic transport were studied with different CTAB concentration.The variation of hydraulic gradient of solid-liquid two-phase flow with different particle concentration and particle size was measured in an open semi-circulating flow system.The experimental results show that the hydraulic gradient of solid-liquid two-phase flow increases with the increase of solid mass concentration at the same particle size.At the same solid mass concentration,The hydraulic gradient of solid-liquid two-phase flow decreases with the increase of particle size in the solution. The results of drag reduction experiment show that the condition of reducing drag of CTAB in hydraulic transport of solid particles is that the concentration of CTAB exceeds a critical value under the condition of constant solid mass concentration and particle size.Under the same solid mass concentration and particle size, the hydraulic gradient of solid-liquid two-phase flow decreases with the increase of CTAB concentration, and when the CTAB concentration is constant, the hydraulic gradient of solid-liquid two-phase flow decreases with the increase of CTAB concentration.The drag reduction ability of CTAB decreases with the increase of solid mass concentration and decreases with the decrease of particle size in hydraulic conveying of solid particles.The change of shear stress in flow field caused by solid mass concentration and particle size can be considered as the main reason for the change of drag reduction capacity of CTAB. The application of drag reduction technology in solid particle hydraulic transportation can reduce the consumption of pump energy in solid-liquid two-phase flow system.This is of great significance to the long distance hydraulic transport of solid particles.
【學位授予單位】：湖南工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ022.3

【共引文獻】

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