本文選題：金剛石　切入點(diǎn)：NV色心　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：金剛石中帶負(fù)電的氮-空位發(fā)光缺陷(NV色心)發(fā)光強(qiáng)度高,熒光穩(wěn)定,同時(shí)在室溫下它的白旋態(tài)有很長(zhǎng)的相干時(shí)間,可以被微波精確操控。這使得NV色心是一種優(yōu)秀的發(fā)光缺陷,可以用于量子光學(xué)和分子能量傳遞動(dòng)力學(xué)的研究；也是一種優(yōu)秀的室溫量子系統(tǒng),在量子物理、量子信息、高精度測(cè)量和生物標(biāo)記探測(cè)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域都開始有實(shí)際應(yīng)用。 隨著信息爆炸和技術(shù)進(jìn)步,人們對(duì)信息處理的速度要求越來(lái)越高。傳統(tǒng)的電子集成芯片隨著集成度的提高,已經(jīng)受電子的量子效應(yīng)、電路的集成工藝、散熱等物理極限的制約,無(wú)法延續(xù)摩爾定律。量子信息是人們發(fā)展的未來(lái)信息技術(shù),基于量子物理的理論,在信息的獲取、傳輸,尤其是并行處理速度上,有著無(wú)可比擬的前景。各種用于實(shí)現(xiàn)量子處理器芯片的技術(shù)被研究,其中固態(tài)體系,尤其是金剛石中的NV色心,是最有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的平臺(tái)之一。 目前,基于NV色心的量子態(tài)單比特操作主要依靠微波脈沖實(shí)現(xiàn)。微波脈沖的波長(zhǎng)在厘米量級(jí),而激光的波長(zhǎng)在微米以下。編碼在NV色心光學(xué)能級(jí)上的量子比特同樣可以實(shí)現(xiàn)單比特操作和基于電偶極耦合的雙比特邏輯門。光學(xué)操控的量子比特除了有自旋比特的可擴(kuò)展性,還具有集成性,更適于用作量子處理器芯片。而作為晶體中的缺陷,NV的能級(jí)相對(duì)復(fù)雜,偶極和躍遷過(guò)程豐富多樣,其耦合機(jī)制和動(dòng)力學(xué)尚不明晰。為了理解NV色心偶極耦合的動(dòng)力學(xué)以便更好地應(yīng)用,我們進(jìn)行了如下的理論研究： 1.回顧和描述了單個(gè)NV色心的能級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。我們用廣泛采用的對(duì)稱性分析方法分析了它的能級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),回顧了目前較為公認(rèn)的能級(jí)模型,并仔細(xì)描述了電場(chǎng)、應(yīng)變和磁場(chǎng)等對(duì)能級(jí)的調(diào)節(jié)。對(duì)能級(jí)的調(diào)節(jié)使得不同的NV色心能夠能級(jí)共振,是在實(shí)驗(yàn)上不可缺少的技術(shù)。 2.詳細(xì)計(jì)算了電偶極耦合的NV色心的動(dòng)力學(xué)過(guò)程。NV色心是一個(gè)多能級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的缺陷,電偶極的耦合可以具有不同的情況。我們用量子電動(dòng)力學(xué)的方法寫出了兩個(gè)NV依靠電偶極耦合的主方程,詳細(xì)計(jì)算了NV里面線性偶極耦合、圓偏振偶極耦合、線偏振和圓偏振耦合時(shí)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)過(guò)程。這些過(guò)程對(duì)于量子體系里的能量傳輸,基于電偶極耦合的量子器件等研究都提供了參考。我們還提出了基于電偶極耦合的應(yīng)用,包括超分辨成像中縱向距離的校準(zhǔn)、非局域的自旋翻轉(zhuǎn)操控等。 3.詳細(xì)了研究了通過(guò)金屬表面的表面等離子體增強(qiáng)偶極耦合的方案。實(shí)驗(yàn)上通過(guò)離子注入產(chǎn)生的NV色心陣列分布在金剛石表面,鍍上金屬薄膜作為波導(dǎo)即可增強(qiáng)它們的耦合。我們回顧了當(dāng)介質(zhì)非均勻、有色散和吸收時(shí),計(jì)算兩個(gè)偶極耦合強(qiáng)度的格林函數(shù)方法,并用它計(jì)算了NV色心受到金剛石界面、金屬平面波導(dǎo)影響時(shí)壽命和耦合強(qiáng)度的變化,尤其是隨著NV色心深度、金屬薄膜厚度的變化。這種方案使得NV色心在光學(xué)波長(zhǎng)的距離上能夠有效耦合。 本文的內(nèi)容安排為：第一章介紹NV的研究背景、現(xiàn)狀和研究偶極耦合的NV色心的動(dòng)機(jī)；第二章,將基于對(duì)稱性分析回顧NV色心的能級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),并詳細(xì)描述各種外場(chǎng)對(duì)能級(jí)的調(diào)節(jié)；第三章,通過(guò)主方程方法詳細(xì)計(jì)算兩個(gè)NV的耦合動(dòng)力學(xué)及其應(yīng)用；第四章,回顧非均勻介質(zhì)中偶極耦合強(qiáng)度的計(jì)算方法,計(jì)算界面對(duì)NV耦合的影響；第五章,詳細(xì)計(jì)算金屬薄膜增強(qiáng)了的NV色心的耦合；第六章,介紹一個(gè)利用固態(tài)自旋耦合制備糾纏態(tài),并用于磁場(chǎng)測(cè)量的應(yīng)用；第七章對(duì)全文的工作做了總結(jié),并對(duì)尚未解決的問(wèn)題作了回顧,對(duì)未來(lái)的工作提出展望。 NV色心作為固體中一種典型的缺陷,這些理論對(duì)于固體中的其它缺陷的耦合研究也有參考作用。研究NV色心的光學(xué)過(guò)程還可以更好的控制其中的自旋動(dòng)力學(xué),和NV的自旋系統(tǒng)結(jié)合,發(fā)揮各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此,NV色心的光學(xué)過(guò)程和電偶極耦合會(huì)在量子信息里有重要應(yīng)用。未來(lái)我們將進(jìn)一步考慮增強(qiáng)了的偶極耦合在量子信息中如何更好的應(yīng)用,以及在有聲子等的環(huán)境中,如何通過(guò)有效的電偶極耦合制備量子器件。
[Abstract]:The N - vacancy luminescent defect ( NV color center ) with negative electrode in diamond has high luminous intensity and stable fluorescence , while at the same time it has a long coherence time at room temperature . It can be precisely controlled by microwave . This makes the NV color center a good light - emitting defect , which can be used for the research of quantum optics and molecular energy transfer dynamics .
The invention is also an excellent room temperature quantum system , and has practical application in various fields such as quantum physics , quantum information , high - precision measurement and biological marking detection .

With the improvement of information explosion and technology , the speed requirement of information processing is becoming higher and higher . The traditional electronic integrated chip has been limited by the physical limit of quantum effect , integrated process and heat dissipation of the electronic , and it can not extend Moore ' s Law . The quantum information is the future information technology of people .

The quantum bit operation based on the NV color center is mainly realized by microwave pulses . The wavelength of the microwave pulse is in the order of centimeters , and the wavelength of the laser is less than microns . The quantum bit encoded on the optical energy level of the NV color center can also realize the single bit operation and the double bit logic gate based on the electric dipole coupling . The quantum bit coded on the NV color center optical energy level can also realize the single bit operation and the double bit logic gate based on the electric dipole coupling .

1 . The energy level structure of a single NV color center is reviewed and described . The energy level structure is analyzed by a widely used symmetry analysis method . The energy level model is reviewed . The energy level of the electric field , strain and magnetic field is carefully described . The adjustment of the energy level makes the different NV color centers capable of resonance , which is an indispensable technique in the experiment .

2 . The dynamic process of the NV color center coupled by an electric dipole is calculated in detail . The NV color center is a defect of a multi - level structure , and the coupling of the electric dipole can be different . The dynamics of the system in the NV inner linear dipole coupling , the circular polarization dipole coupling , the linear polarization and the circular polarization coupling are calculated in detail by using the quantum electrodynamics method . The application of the process is based on the coupling of the electric dipole , including the calibration of the longitudinal distance in the super - resolution imaging , the non - local spin inversion control , and the like .

3 . The coupling of the surface plasma enhanced dipole with metal surface is studied in detail . The results show that the NV color center array produced by ion implantation is distributed on the surface of the diamond and the metal thin film can be used as the waveguide to enhance their coupling . We review the change of the lifetime and the coupling strength of the NV color center under the influence of the diamond interface and the metal planar waveguide , especially with the depth of the NV color center and the thickness of the metal film .

The contents of this paper are as follows : The first chapter introduces the research background of NV , the current situation and the motives of researching the NV color center of the dipole coupling .
In chapter 2 , the energy level structure of the NV color center will be reviewed based on the symmetry analysis , and the adjustment of the energy level of various external fields will be described in detail .
In chapter 3 , the coupling dynamics and the application of two NV are calculated in detail through the main equation method .
In chapter 4 , the calculation method of dipole coupling strength in non - uniform medium is reviewed , and the influence of interface on NV coupling is calculated .
In chapter 5 , the coupling of NV color centers enhanced by metal thin film is calculated in detail .
In chapter 6 , an entangled state is prepared by solid - state spin coupling and applied to magnetic field measurement .
Chapter 7 summarizes the work of the full text , and reviews the outstanding issues and looks forward to the future work .

The NV color center is a typical defect in the solid . These theories also have a reference to the coupling of other defects in the solid . The optical process of the NV color center can also better control the spin dynamics and the spin system of the NV . Therefore , the optical process of the NV color center and the coupling of the electric dipole can play an important role in the quantum information . In the future , we will further consider how the enhanced dipole coupling can be better applied in the quantum information , and how to prepare the quantum device through the effective dipole coupling in the environment of the voiced sub or the like .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ163;O773

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉東奇;常彥春;劉剛欽;潘新宇;;金剛石納米顆粒中氮空位色心的電子自旋研究[J];物理學(xué)報(bào);2013年16期

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本文編號(hào)：1693631