本文選題：膠凝材料　切入點(diǎn)：傳統(tǒng)灰漿　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：中華文明經(jīng)歷數(shù)千年歷史發(fā)展,遺留下了許許多多的不可移動文物。這些不可移動文物長期處在野外環(huán)境中,由于自然風(fēng)化、現(xiàn)代工業(yè)污染和人為因素影響,遭受到了不同程度的破壞,有的已瀕臨消亡。因此,對這些不可移動文物的保護(hù)已經(jīng)刻不容緩。在文物的保存、保護(hù)和修繕過程中,最關(guān)鍵的材料之一是膠凝材料。膠凝材料是能從漿體變成固體,并能將散粒狀或塊狀物質(zhì)粘接成整體的材料。本論文針對不可移動文物保護(hù)中傳統(tǒng)膠凝材料和現(xiàn)代膠凝材料應(yīng)用中遇到的問題,結(jié)合現(xiàn)代文物保護(hù)材料的發(fā)展趨勢,在課題組前期工作基礎(chǔ)之上,對四類中國傳統(tǒng)石灰基膠凝材料和現(xiàn)代水泥基膠凝材料進(jìn)行了一系列機(jī)理和評價(jià)研究,主要研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾方面：傳統(tǒng)血料灰漿在古建筑修復(fù)中應(yīng)用的科學(xué)性研究。氣硬性石灰作為古建筑保護(hù)材料,其優(yōu)勢是與古建筑本體兼容性好,不足之處是力學(xué)性能較差、固化時(shí)間長等。本工作借助傳統(tǒng)工藝,使用動物血對氣硬性灰漿進(jìn)行科學(xué)改性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,改性后的灰漿固化速度快,具有更好的粘結(jié)性、防水性和耐候性。通過電導(dǎo)率、FT-IR、XRD、SEM、TG分析和固化速率實(shí)驗(yàn)證明灰漿性能改善與灰漿中血蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)改變、疏水性增強(qiáng)有關(guān)。在灰漿表面,這些血蛋白通過控制晶體生長、形成堅(jiān)硬的表皮從而提高固化灰漿的表面性能；在灰漿內(nèi)部,它們扮演著引氣劑的角色,提高灰漿的耐候性；在灰漿與被粘物界面,良好的保水性能促進(jìn)了灰漿的粘結(jié)能力。傳統(tǒng)桐油灰漿性能和機(jī)理研究。桐油-石灰灰漿是一種帶有鮮明中國特色的有機(jī)-無機(jī)復(fù)合膠凝材料,在我國古代船舶防水密封、古建筑防潮、木結(jié)構(gòu)防潮等方面有著十分廣泛的應(yīng)用。本工作結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬樣品性能測試和古代樣品分析,對桐油灰漿配方、性能和作用機(jī)理進(jìn)行了研究。相比普通石灰灰漿,用Ca(OH)2和熟桐油制備的桐油灰漿綜合性能最佳,桐油灰漿90 d抗壓強(qiáng)度提高72%,剪切強(qiáng)度提高近25倍,吸水系數(shù)降低近3個(gè)數(shù)量級,具有出色的抗凍融和抗氯離子侵蝕能力,桐油的最佳添加量約在22.5%到25%之間。SEM、XRD和FT-IR分析結(jié)果表明,桐油灰漿的有效成分是羧酸鈣、固化的桐油和氫氧化鈣,它的性能與氫氧化鈣和熟桐油反應(yīng)形成的致密微結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)。傳統(tǒng)糖水灰漿和蛋清灰漿科學(xué)性研究。紅糖灰漿和蛋清灰漿作為我國傳統(tǒng)石灰漿,在嶺南等地區(qū)有著廣泛應(yīng)用。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬樣品的物理性能測試以及灰漿固化后的成分和結(jié)構(gòu)分析,探討糖和蛋清對灰漿性能的影響及作用機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明,蔗糖和石灰反應(yīng)形成蔗糖鈣使石灰溶解度提高,能有效降低水灰比,使灰漿收縮和表面性質(zhì)得到改善；加入蛋清能使灰漿結(jié)構(gòu)變得致密,可減緩灰漿的碳化速率,使灰漿自修復(fù)能力提高。水泥基灌漿材料在危巖加固中的配方設(shè)計(jì)與失效速率研究。水泥基灌漿材料大量用于摩崖石刻、石窟危巖加固,盡管它在文物保護(hù)中使用一直備受爭議,但是目前還沒有可以完全替代它的材料。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中,通過對有機(jī)硅、水玻璃和偏高嶺土改性的水泥基灌漿材料的配方研究發(fā)現(xiàn),有機(jī)硅對灌漿材料的綜合性能有提升作用,水玻璃對灌漿材料性能的影響弊大于利,偏高嶺土可以改善灌漿材料的工作性能�，F(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,采用超細(xì)水泥或者添加偏高嶺土可以得到操作性良好的水泥基灌漿材料,便于施工使用。為了研究水泥灌漿材料的失效速率,通過模擬酸雨侵蝕水泥基灌漿材料的實(shí)驗(yàn),采用表觀動力學(xué)方法,發(fā)現(xiàn)鈣離子溶出量與酸雨的pH值和ln(T)之間存在近似線性關(guān)系。與以往的方法相比,本研究提供了一種可以定量預(yù)測水泥基材料酸蝕速度的新方法。
[Abstract]:Chinese civilization has thousands of years of history, left a lot of immovable cultural relics. These immovable cultural relics in the wild environment, due to natural weathering, the influence of modern industrial pollution and human factors, suffered varying degrees of damage, and some have been on the verge of extinction. Therefore, for the protection of these can not be the cultural relics is urgent. In the preservation, protection and restoration process, one of the key materials is a cementitious material. Cementitious materials can become solid from the slurry, and can be bonded scattered granular or massive material into the overall material. This paper can not meet the traditional and modern cementitious materials cementitious materials used in mobile cultural relics protection problems in the light of the development trend of modern cultural relics protection materials, on the basis of our previous work, four kinds of China traditional lime based cementitious materials and modern cement based adhesive A series of mechanism and evaluation of cementitious materials, the main research contents include the following aspects: scientific research on the application of traditional blood feeding mortar in the restoration of ancient buildings. The protection of ancient buildings as air hardening lime material, its advantages are good compatibility with the ancient architecture of ontology, the deficiency is the poor mechanical properties and curing time this work. With the traditional process, the use of animal blood gas of hard mortar scientifically modified. Experimental results show that the modified mortar curing speed of the fast, has better adhesion, waterproof and weatherability. The electrical conductivity of FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TG, analysis and experiments prove that the curing rate of change of blood protein structure to improve the performance of mortar and mortar, the mortar in the strong hydrophobicity. The surface of these blood proteins by controlling the crystal growth, the formation of hard skin so as to improve the surface properties of solidified mortar; Mortars in internal, They play the role of air entraining agent, improve the weatherability of mortar in the mortar; and the adherend interface, good water retention properties of the mortar. Promote the adhesion ability of traditional mortar performance and mechanism of tung oil tung oil. Lime mortar is a kind of organic - inorganic composite China with distinct characteristics of cementitious materials, sealing in ancient China Ship ancient building waterproof, moisture-proof, has a very wide range of applications. The wooden structure moistureproof work combined with laboratory performance test and simulation analysis of samples of ancient samples of tung oil mortar formula, properties and mechanism were studied. Compared with ordinary lime mortar, using Ca (OH) 2 and cooked tung oil system the preparation of tung oil mortar the best comprehensive performance of tung oil mortar compressive strength of 90 d increased by 72%, the shear strength increased nearly 25 times, water absorption coefficient decreased by nearly 3 orders of magnitude, with freeze-thaw resistance and excellent ability to resist chloride ion erosion, tung oil The best adding amount is about 22.5% to 25% between.SEM, XRD and FT-IR analysis results show that the effective components of tung oil mortar is a carboxylic acid calcium, curing the tung oil and calcium hydroxide, its performance and the reaction of calcium hydroxide and cooked tung oil formation of a dense microstructure. The traditional mortar and mortar in scientific research. The egg white sugar and egg white plaster mortar as China's traditional lime slurry, is widely used in south of the Five Ridges and other areas. Through laboratory simulation test physical performance test and the composition and structure of mortar after curing analysis of sugar and egg white influence on mortar performance and mechanism. The results showed that sucrose and sucrose formation reaction of lime calcium lime can effectively improve the solubility. To reduce the water cement ratio, the mortar shrinkage and surface properties were improved; add egg white can make the mortar structure become denser, the carbonation rate may slow down the mortar, the mortar self repair To improve the ability of cement grouting material in the study. The formulation design and reinforcement of rock and failure rate. The cement grouting materials for a large number of inscriptions, cave rock reinforcement, although it is used in the protection of cultural relics has been controversial, but there is no material can completely replace it. In the laboratory, based on silicone, formulation research cement water glass and metakaolin modified the discovery of the comprehensive performance of silicone on the grouting material to enhance the role of water glass, impact on the properties of grouting materials more harm than good, metakaolin to improve the working performance of grouting materials. Field test results show that the superfine cement or adding metakaolin can be obtained the operation of cement grouting material good, convenient construction. In order to study the failure rate of cement grouting material, simulated acid rain erosion of water base mud filling In the experiment of slurry material, the apparent kinetics method was used to find the approximate linear relationship between the dissolution of calcium and the pH value and ln (T) of acid rain. Compared with the previous methods, this study provides a new method for quantitatively predicting the etching rate of cement-based materials.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K87;TQ177

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