發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-22 13:52

  本文選題：斷裂　切入點(diǎn)：泄漏　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文從主要單元設(shè)備換熱器的概況、發(fā)展和分類入手,分析了造成換熱器中換熱管泄漏失效或者斷裂失效的原因。作為主要受壓元件之一,若換熱管由于材質(zhì)缺陷、嚴(yán)重腐蝕、管束振動(dòng)等單一的或者幾方面的綜合原因出現(xiàn)了泄露或者斷裂,給現(xiàn)場生產(chǎn)帶來的后果是難以估量的。當(dāng)發(fā)生輕微泄漏,可以通過堵管方式來解決,而管子泄漏的根數(shù)過多以至于無法滿足換熱面積的需要時(shí),就只能停車檢修甚至重新更換換熱器。斷裂失效發(fā)生的后果更是不可預(yù)見。斷裂導(dǎo)致了兩相流體混流,使兩相介質(zhì)發(fā)生不能控制的化學(xué)反應(yīng)。隨著時(shí)間推移,造成元件的大面積損壞以及壓力溫度的急劇攀升。由此帶來的爆炸、火災(zāi)后果都是極其嚴(yán)重的�；诖�,筆者根據(jù)不同國家的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范,對諸多因素中頻發(fā)事故且造成嚴(yán)重后果的因素進(jìn)行了定量計(jì)算。為了更加符合工程實(shí)際的需要,選取了兩個(gè)實(shí)例進(jìn)行了手工計(jì)算和軟件電算,得出計(jì)算結(jié)果后,分析結(jié)果的差異以及計(jì)算的科學(xué)合理性。為了直觀的了解斷口形貌,從而得出明確的損傷結(jié)論,筆者對上述實(shí)例中的兩個(gè)換熱管試件進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)包括了試件基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)(測厚、測長、測重試驗(yàn))、采用金相顯微鏡完成的奧氏體晶粒度測定實(shí)驗(yàn)以及掃描電子顯微鏡斷口元素觀測和成因判別。綜合考慮上述內(nèi)容,得出了兩例中換熱管失效的根本原因。經(jīng)過推測與驗(yàn)證,筆者總結(jié)出了換熱管失效分析的系統(tǒng)方法,為日后研究此領(lǐng)域的問題提供了一個(gè)可供參考的方向,以便做好換熱管失效的預(yù)防措施,以此保障人員設(shè)備安全、減少經(jīng)濟(jì)損失、創(chuàng)建節(jié)能環(huán)保工廠
[Abstract]:Starting with the general situation, development and classification of heat exchangers in main units, this paper analyzes the causes of leakage or fracture failure of heat exchangers in heat exchangers. As one of the main pressurized components, if the heat exchanger tubes are seriously corroded due to material defects, The leakage or fracture of a single or several factors, such as tube bundle vibration, has resulted in incalculable consequences for on-site production. When there is a slight leakage, it can be solved by plugging the pipe. However, if the pipe leakage has too many roots to meet the need of heat transfer area, it can only stop to repair or even replace the heat exchanger. The consequences of the fracture failure are even more unpredictable. The fracture leads to the mixed flow of two-phase fluid. Causes uncontrolled chemical reactions in the two-phase medium. Over time, it causes extensive damage to the components and a sharp rise in pressure and temperature. The resulting explosion and fire consequences are extremely serious. According to the standards and specifications of different countries, the author calculates quantitatively the factors which occur frequently in many factors and cause serious consequences. In order to meet the needs of engineering practice, two examples are selected to carry out manual calculation and software computer calculation. After getting the result of calculation, the difference of the result and the scientific rationality of calculation are analyzed. In order to understand the fracture morphology intuitively and draw a clear conclusion of damage, The author has carried on the experimental analysis to the two heat transfer tube specimens in the above examples. The experiment includes the basic experiment of the specimen (measuring thickness, measuring length, measuring the thickness, measuring the length, measuring the thickness, measuring the length), The gravimetric test, the measurement of austenitic grain size by metallographic microscope, the observation of the fracture surface elements and the cause of formation of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) were carried out, and the above contents were considered synthetically. The fundamental causes of the failure of heat exchanger pipe in two examples are obtained. After speculation and verification, the author summarizes the systematic method of failure analysis of heat exchanger pipe, which provides a reference direction for the future study of the problems in this field. In order to do a good job of heat exchange pipe failure prevention measures, so as to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment, reduce economic losses, and create energy conservation and environmental protection factories
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ051.5

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本文編號：1648940