本文選題：電容去離子　切入點(diǎn)：碳?xì)饽z　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：電容去離子(Capacitive deionization, CDI)技術(shù)是在多級(jí)閃蒸、電滲析和反滲透等海水淡化方法出現(xiàn)之后發(fā)展起來的另一項(xiàng)新型脫鹽方法,它具有能耗低、脫鹽效率高和無二次污染等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是近些年來備受關(guān)注的新技術(shù)。該技術(shù)基于雙電層原理,通過在電極間施加一個(gè)靜電場(chǎng),使溶液中的離子向帶有反向電荷的電極處移動(dòng),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)脫除水中離子達(dá)到凈化水的目的。材料結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)控以及新型材料的合成是電容去離子技術(shù)的核心。本論文圍繞材料的調(diào)控與合成,研究了炭材料的結(jié)構(gòu)和表面性質(zhì)及脫鹽性能之間的關(guān)系,具體如下：(1)以離子液體為模板劑,使用甲醛和間苯二酚為原料,通過溶膠凝膠法合成有機(jī)凝膠。進(jìn)一步通過炭化及活化工藝得到多孔的碳?xì)饽z。離子液體的加入,可以調(diào)控碳?xì)饽z的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu),并簡(jiǎn)化了碳?xì)饽z的制備工藝、縮短了生產(chǎn)周期。利用氮?dú)馕絻x、掃描電鏡和透射電鏡表征其孔結(jié)構(gòu)和形貌特征；采用電化學(xué)工作站以及平板式脫鹽裝置分析其電化學(xué)性能及脫鹽性能。結(jié)果表明：所制備的碳?xì)饽z電極具有優(yōu)異的電化學(xué)性能(1mol L-1 NaCl電解液中,2 mV s-1的掃速下,比電容值為88 F g-1)、較高的吸附容量(7.5 mg g-1)及良好的循環(huán)性能。(2)為了簡(jiǎn)化電極的制備步驟及提高碳電極的循環(huán)使用性等,本章在平板式脫鹽裝置的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種新型的流動(dòng)式脫鹽方法,并設(shè)計(jì)了流動(dòng)式脫鹽裝置。利用商業(yè)碳制備流動(dòng)電極,初步探索了電壓、流速以及鹽溶液濃度與脫鹽性能的關(guān)系,確立了最佳實(shí)驗(yàn)操作條件；制備了一種氧化石墨烯Picking乳液新型材料,利用偏光顯微鏡和粘度分析儀觀察氧化石墨烯乳液的形貌特征和黏度；使用流動(dòng)脫鹽裝置分析其脫鹽性能。結(jié)果表明：所制備的氧化石墨烯Picking乳液具有穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)、流動(dòng)性好、脫鹽能力高、吸附量大(9.3 mg g1)等特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:The capacitive deionization (CDI) technology is another new desalination method developed after the emergence of multi-stage flash, electrodialysis and reverse osmosis desalination. It has the advantages of low energy consumption, high desalination efficiency and no secondary pollution. It is a new technology that has attracted much attention in recent years. It is based on the principle of double layer, by applying an electrostatic field between the electrodes, the ions in the solution move to the electrode with reverse charge. The regulation of material structure and the synthesis of new materials are the core of capacitive deionization technology. This paper focuses on the regulation and synthesis of materials. The relationship between the structure, surface properties and desalination properties of carbon materials was studied, as follows: (1) using ionic liquids as templates and formaldehyde and resorcinol as raw materials, Organic gels were synthesized by sol-gel method. Porous carbon aerogels were obtained by carbonization and activation. The pore structure of carbon aerogels could be regulated by the addition of ionic liquids, and the preparation process of carbon aerogels was simplified. The production cycle was shortened. The pore structure and morphology were characterized by nitrogen adsorption apparatus, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Electrochemical performance and desalination performance of the carbon aerogel electrode were analyzed by electrochemical workstation and desalination device. The results showed that the carbon aerogel electrode had excellent electrochemical performance at the sweep rate of 2 MV s-1 in 1 mol L-1 NaCl electrolyte. In order to simplify the preparation of the electrode and improve the recycling performance of the carbon electrode, this chapter is based on the plate desalination device. A new type of fluid desalting method was proposed, and a mobile desalting device was designed. The commercial carbon was used to prepare the mobile electrode. The relationship between the voltage, the flow rate and the concentration of the salt solution and the desalting performance was preliminarily explored. A new type of graphene oxide Picking emulsion was prepared and the morphology and viscosity of graphene oxide emulsion were observed by polarizing microscope and viscosity analyzer. The desalination performance of the emulsion was analyzed by flow desalting device. The results show that the Picking emulsion prepared has the characteristics of strong stability, good fluidity, high desalting capacity and high adsorption capacity (9.3 mg / g ~ (-1)).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ127.11

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本文編號(hào)：1642891