本文選題：微生物電解池　切入點(diǎn)：產(chǎn)甲烷　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,能源與環(huán)境問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)峻,成為影響人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。微生物電解池(Microbial electrolysis cell,MEC)可以將生物質(zhì)能轉(zhuǎn)化為易于儲(chǔ)存和利用的甲烷,在降低CO2排放的同時(shí),緩解緊張的能源需求。為了提高M(jìn)EC的產(chǎn)甲烷性能,本文從外電壓和陰極表面性質(zhì)兩個(gè)方面入手,研究其對(duì)陰極生物膜及產(chǎn)甲烷特性的影響。本文通過(guò)單電壓運(yùn)行及轉(zhuǎn)換電壓運(yùn)行兩種方式研究外電壓對(duì)MEC產(chǎn)甲烷性能及生物膜馴化的影響。在外電壓恒定不變的運(yùn)行條件下,相對(duì)于0.5 V和0.9 V,0.7V為本體系最佳產(chǎn)甲烷電壓,最大電流密度為45.7A/m3,產(chǎn)甲烷速率為0.349 m3/m3·d,能量回收率為82.0%,具有較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。此時(shí)陰極上生物膜厚實(shí),且生物種類以長(zhǎng)桿菌為主。以轉(zhuǎn)換電壓方式運(yùn)行MEC時(shí),通過(guò)0.5 V和0.9 V之間的電壓多次轉(zhuǎn)換后,庫(kù)侖效率(CE)增加,在0.9 V外電壓下,產(chǎn)氣中甲烷含量從44.1%增加到93.0%,產(chǎn)甲烷速率從0.25 m3/m3·d增加到0.41 m3/m3·d,增加幅度為64%,產(chǎn)氣中氫氣含量從50.4%減少到0.20%,表明電壓轉(zhuǎn)換法可以提高0.9V時(shí)的產(chǎn)甲烷含量。通過(guò)SEM觀察生物膜,發(fā)現(xiàn)電壓轉(zhuǎn)換后高低壓下適宜生存的產(chǎn)甲烷菌都豐富,生物形態(tài)多樣性增加。本文隨后考察了不同電壓運(yùn)行方式馴化的生物膜特性,包括對(duì)高電壓的耐受能力和直接CO2產(chǎn)CH4的能力。當(dāng)外加電壓增加到1.2 V時(shí),在0.7 V電壓下運(yùn)行的陰極生物膜適應(yīng)性更好,產(chǎn)甲烷速率可達(dá)1.32 m3/m3·d,同時(shí)具有最大的總甲烷回收率和總能量回收率。當(dāng)以二氧化碳為陰極產(chǎn)甲烷唯一碳源時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)低電壓(0.5V)下運(yùn)行過(guò)的MEC能產(chǎn)生更大的產(chǎn)甲烷速率(0.054m3/m3·d),是相應(yīng)0.9 VMEC的6倍。表明適宜在低電壓下培養(yǎng)直接二氧化碳產(chǎn)甲烷菌,而高電壓下是以氫營(yíng)養(yǎng)型產(chǎn)甲烷菌為主導(dǎo)的產(chǎn)甲烷。本文還研究了高聚物和碳粉修飾對(duì)生物陰極性能的影響。在通過(guò)少量高聚物聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)改性后,因PVDF不導(dǎo)電,運(yùn)行電流略有降低,產(chǎn)甲烷速率亦有所降低,說(shuō)明PVDF對(duì)陰極產(chǎn)甲烷不利,但陰極表面生物的附著情況差異不大。在使用具有導(dǎo)電性的碳粉修飾時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),活性炭修飾可提高M(jìn)EC的化學(xué)需氧量(COD)去除率和庫(kù)侖效率,改善運(yùn)行性能,且甲烷產(chǎn)量增加了 42.9%,總能量回收率提高了 35%。通過(guò)電化學(xué)分析,推測(cè)電極電容及與電容相關(guān)的活性表面積可能是影響MEC的電化學(xué)性能和產(chǎn)甲烷性能的主要原因。為探究電容的影響,在碳布上負(fù)載等量不同結(jié)構(gòu)的碳粉如多壁碳納米管(MWCNT)和單壁碳納米角(SWCNH),獲得不同電容陰極,比較兩組陰極性能,發(fā)現(xiàn)SWCNH組在COD去除率、庫(kù)侖效率和產(chǎn)甲烷量上優(yōu)于MWCNT組,總能量回收率高60%。表明此時(shí)影響MEC性能主要因素是陰極表面結(jié)構(gòu)而并非電容,SWCHN具有較好的生物相容性,產(chǎn)甲烷菌易于在其表面生長(zhǎng),而MWCNT表面不利于附著產(chǎn)甲烷菌。此外,將PVDF應(yīng)用于微生物燃料電池(Microbial fuel cell,MFC)的空氣陰極時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)PVDF表面修飾可降低催化層催化劑的損失,當(dāng)修飾量為65μl2%濃度的PVDF時(shí),得到最好的運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性和功率特性,最大功率密度為27.4W/m3。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of global economy, energy and environment problem is increasingly serious, has become the key to sustainable human development. Microbial electrolysis cell (Microbial electrolysis, cell, MEC) can convert biomass energy for easy storage and use of methane in reducing CO2 emissions at the same time, ease the tension of energy demand. In order to improve methane production performance of MEC this paper, from two aspects of external voltage and the cathode surface properties of cathode on the biofilm and methane production were studied. Through the single voltage operation and voltage conversion operation of two ways to investigate the influence of external voltage on MEC methane production and biofilm domestication. In operation conditions under constant voltage, compared with the 0.5 V and 0.9 V, 0.7V is the best system of methane producing voltage, the maximum current density is 45.7A/m3, the methane production rate was 0.349 m3/m3 - D, the energy recovery rate was 82%, with Good economy. The biofilm on the cathode and thick, species dominated by long bacilli. To convert the voltage mode MEC, the voltage between 0.5 V and 0.9 V after multiple conversions, the coulombic efficiency (CE) increased in 0.9 V voltage, the content of methane gas production increased from 44.1% to 93%, the methane production rate from 0.25 m3/m3 / D increased to 0.41 m3/m3 - D, the rate of increase of 64%, the hydrogen yield were reduced from 50.4% to 0.20%, showed that the methane content increased when the 0.9V voltage conversion method. Through the observation of SEM biofilm, found that the converted voltage high pressure under suitable methanogens the rich biodiversity patterns increase. This paper then examine the characteristics of biofilm acclimated to different voltage operation mode, including the ability of high voltage tolerance and direct CO2 CH4. When the applied voltage is increased to 1.2 V, operating under the voltage of 0.7 V negative A biofilm adaptability better, methane production rate of up to 1.32 m3/m3 - D, and has the largest total methane recovery rate and the total energy recovery rate. When using carbon dioxide as the only carbon source cathode methane (0.5V), low voltage operation of the MEC can produce more methane production rate (0.054m3/m3. D), is 6 times the corresponding 0.9 VMEC. Indicate that direct carbon dioxide methane producing bacteria under low voltage and high voltage is suitable for methane production to Hydrogenotrophic methanogens is dominant. This paper also studies the effect of modification of biological polymers and carbon cathode performance. In by a small amount of polymer polyvinylidene fluoride ethylene (PVDF) modified by PVDF is not conductive, running current decreases slightly, the methane production rate also decreased, indicating that PVDF is unfavorable to the cathode methane, but the biological surface of the cathode attachment. Little difference in the carbon conductive when using modified Found that the modified activated carbon can improve the COD removal rate of MEC (COD) and coulombic efficiency, improve the operating performance, and methane production increased by 42.9%, the total energy recovery rate increased by 35%. by electrochemical analysis, that the capacitance of the electrode and the active surface area and related capacitance may be the main reasons affecting the electrochemical performance of MEC and methane production. For the influence on the capacitance of the equivalent load of different structures such as carbon multi wall carbon nanotubes on carbon cloth (MWCNT) and single wall carbon nano angle (SWCNH), different capacitor cathode, cathode can be compared between the two groups in the SWCNH group, found that the removal rate of COD, the coulombic efficiency and production the amount of methane is better than that of group MWCNT, the total energy recovery rate of high 60%. indicates that the main factor is the influence of the performance of MEC cathode surface structure instead of capacitors, SWCHN has good biocompatibility, easy to methanogenic bacteria in its surface growth, and MWCNT table The surface is not conducive to the attachment of methanogenic bacteria. In addition, PVDF will be used for microbial fuel cell (Microbial fuel, cell, MFC) of the air cathode, found that PVDF surface modification can reduce the loss of the catalyst layer, when the amount of modified 65 l2% concentration of PVDF, running stability and power characteristics of the best, the most the power density is 27.4W/m3.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM911.45

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