本文選題：有害廢棄物　切入點(diǎn)：水泥固化　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著人類(lèi)社會(huì)現(xiàn)代化水平逐漸提升,工業(yè)日益發(fā)達(dá),城市生活水平日新月異,人們的幸福感也不斷提高。但是隨之而來(lái)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題不容忽視,溫室氣體的排放造成全球氣候變暖,核工業(yè)廢棄的放射性廢料需妥善安置,城市生活垃圾處理困難導(dǎo)致許多城市上演垃圾圍城,隨著環(huán)境的惡化,環(huán)保已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今社會(huì)的核心議題之一。本文將著眼以上提及的熱門(mén)環(huán)保問(wèn)題,探討利用水泥固化技術(shù)固化核廢料和垃圾焚燒灰,并用超臨界碳化技術(shù)將二氧化碳?xì)怏w儲(chǔ)存于固化體中,形成儲(chǔ)碳固廢的新型水泥材料。混凝土的碳化一直被認(rèn)為是鋼混結(jié)構(gòu)的主要病害之一,但是對(duì)于無(wú)需配筋的水泥材料,碳化可改良其微觀結(jié)構(gòu),降低其孔隙率,提高其密實(shí)度,這些都是有益于材料性能的良性變化。水泥材料放置在超臨界二氧化碳環(huán)境時(shí),可在數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)完成自然條件下數(shù)年甚至十?dāng)?shù)年才能完成的碳化過(guò)程,因此將超臨界碳化技術(shù)應(yīng)用于水泥基材料有其可開(kāi)發(fā)利用的前景。如今國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)水泥材料固化危險(xiǎn)廢棄物和污染物的研究越來(lái)越多,水泥固化技術(shù)以其技術(shù)成熟、固化性能穩(wěn)定安全的優(yōu)勢(shì)已成為目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的廢棄物固化手段。本文將結(jié)合超臨界碳化和水泥固化技術(shù),深入研究固化體安全性能以及碳化對(duì)其性能的影響。研究過(guò)程采用實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)模相結(jié)合的方式進(jìn)行。數(shù)模過(guò)程中通過(guò)引入?yún)?shù)Cmax提高了原有碳化模型的適用范圍,同時(shí)在模型中首次考慮了碳化對(duì)固化體內(nèi)離子化學(xué)浸出活性的影響,提高了結(jié)合模型的精度和適用性。實(shí)驗(yàn)中制作了含有非放射性核素同位素和垃圾焚燒飛灰的水泥固化體,對(duì)固化劑進(jìn)行了直接浸出和碳化后浸出的浸出實(shí)驗(yàn),觀測(cè)浸出過(guò)程中浸出率的變化,對(duì)比碳化前后的結(jié)果,研究碳化對(duì)固化體浸出性能的影響。根據(jù)數(shù)值模型理論和已有參數(shù)在多物理場(chǎng)耦合有限元軟件COMSOL中建立了碳化和浸出的結(jié)合模型,模擬了固化體碳化和浸出的實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程。綜上,理論、實(shí)驗(yàn)和模擬三位一體,共同驗(yàn)證了碳化對(duì)固化體浸出性能的影響以及數(shù)值模型的適用性。
[Abstract]:With the gradual improvement of the level of human society's modernization, the development of industry, the rapid development of urban living standards, and the improvement of people's happiness, however, the environmental problems that follow can not be ignored. Greenhouse gas emissions cause global warming, radioactive waste from the nuclear industry needs to be properly disposed of, and difficulties in disposing of municipal domestic waste have led to garbage besieging in many cities, as the environment deteriorates. Environmental protection has become one of the core issues in today's society. This paper will focus on the hot environmental problems mentioned above, and discuss the use of cement curing technology to cure nuclear waste and waste incineration ash. The carbon dioxide gas is stored in the solidified body with supercritical carbonization technology to form a new cement material for carbon storage and solid waste. The carbonation of concrete has always been considered as one of the main diseases of steel and concrete structure, but for cement materials without reinforcement, Carbonation can improve its microstructure, reduce its porosity and increase its compactness, which is beneficial to the good change of material properties. When the cement material is placed in supercritical carbon dioxide environment, A carbonation process that can be completed in hours for years or even more than a decade under natural conditions, Therefore, the application of supercritical carbonization technology to cement based materials has a promising prospect. Nowadays, more and more researches on cement curing hazardous wastes and pollutants are carried out at home and abroad, and cement curing technology is mature with its technology. The advantage of stability and safety of curing performance has become the most widely used waste curing method. In this paper, supercritical carbonization and cement curing technology will be combined. The safety performance of solidified body and the influence of carbonization on its performance are studied in depth. The research process is carried out by the combination of experiment and digital simulation. In the process of digital simulation, the application range of the original carbonization model is improved by introducing the parameter Cmax. At the same time, the influence of carbonation on the ion leaching activity in the solidified body was considered for the first time, and the accuracy and applicability of the combined model were improved. In the experiment, the cement solidified body containing non-radionuclide isotope and waste incineration fly ash was prepared. The experiments of direct leaching of curing agent and leaching after carbonization were carried out, the change of leaching rate during leaching process was observed, and the results before and after carbonization were compared. The influence of carbonization on the leaching performance of solidified body is studied. Based on the numerical model theory and the existing parameters, the combined model of carbonization and leaching is established in the multi-physical field coupled finite element software COMSOL, and the experimental process of carbonation and leaching of the solidified body is simulated. The influence of carbonation on the leaching properties of the solidified body and the applicability of the numerical model are verified by the trinity of theory, experiment and simulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TQ172.1;X705

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