發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-16 08:43

  本文選題：燃料電池　切入點(diǎn)：混合反應(yīng)物　出處：《武漢工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：直接甲醇燃料電池(DMFC)的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率高、環(huán)境友好,在便攜式電子設(shè)備領(lǐng)域顯示出了巨大的應(yīng)用潛力。DMFC的成本主要由催化劑和電極隔膜決定,是限制DMFC商業(yè)化的主要因素。本文在研究DMFC催化劑的電催化性能的基礎(chǔ)上,利用氮摻雜碳納米管(NCNTs)催化劑的氧還原反應(yīng)(ORR)選擇性設(shè)計(jì)了一種成本低廉、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的混合反應(yīng)物直接甲醇燃料電池(MRDMFC);在降低催化劑成本的同時(shí),消除了傳統(tǒng)堿性直接甲醇燃料電池對(duì)陰離子交換膜的依賴性。在陰極催化劑方面,采用微波等離子體化學(xué)氣相沉積技術(shù)制備了氮摻雜碳納米管(NCNTs)。基于微波功率、氨氣流量、腔體氣壓和工作時(shí)間等4個(gè)工藝參數(shù)對(duì)NCNTs的ORR活性進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。研究表明:低微波功率、低腔體氣壓以及適當(dāng)?shù)目s短反應(yīng)時(shí)間,更有利于提高NCNTs的氧還原反應(yīng)(ORR)活性。NCNTs催化劑優(yōu)異的ORR性能主要來(lái)自于其制備過(guò)程中的低溫沉積條件,其高表面缺陷程度、分布均勻的含氮官能團(tuán),有利于O2分子的吸附反應(yīng)。在陽(yáng)極催化劑方面,采用常溫浸漬-還原法制備了不同原子比的碳納米管負(fù)載型鉑鎳催化劑(PtxNiy/CNTs),研究了鉑鎳原子比對(duì)催化劑甲醇氧化活性的影響。結(jié)果表明,Pt的利用率隨著Ni含量的增加而增加;Ni的使用,在提高Pt的催化活性的同時(shí),降低了陽(yáng)極催化劑的成本。基于NCNTs和Pt_1Ni_3/CNTs催化劑制作了催化電極。并采用廉價(jià)易得的多孔聚四氟乙烯濾膜作為電極隔膜,研究了陰極單通過(guò)注料模式下甲醇濃度、混合反應(yīng)物流速和電解液濃度等3個(gè)工作條件對(duì)單電池性能的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,單電池的最佳工作條件為:3 M甲醇、0.5-1 mL min~(-1)流速、0.1 M KOH電解液。電池的最大開(kāi)路電位為0.351 V,最大功率密度為0.151 mW cm~(-2)。
[Abstract]:Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) has high energy conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness. It shows great application potential in portable electronic equipment. The cost of DMFC is mainly determined by catalyst and electrode diaphragm. Based on the study of the electrocatalytic performance of DMFC catalysts, a low cost selective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been designed using nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) catalysts. A simple mixed reactant, direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), reduces the cost of the catalyst and eliminates the dependence of the traditional alkaline direct methanol fuel cell on the anion exchange membrane. Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTsN) were prepared by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). The ORR activity of NCNTs was optimized by four process parameters, such as chamber pressure and working time. The results showed that: low microwave power, low chamber pressure and appropriate shortening reaction time, It was found that the excellent properties of NCNTs catalysts were mainly due to the low temperature deposition conditions, high surface defects and well-distributed nitrogen-containing functional groups. In the case of anodic catalyst, Carbon nanotube supported platinum nickel catalyst PtxNiy / CNTsN was prepared by dip-reduction method at room temperature. The effect of platinum / nickel ratio on methanol oxidation activity of catalyst was studied. The results showed that the utilization ratio of Pt was increased with the increase of Ni content. Added to increase the use of Ni, At the same time, the cost of anode catalyst was reduced while the catalytic activity of Pt was improved. The catalytic electrode was prepared based on NCNTs and Pt_1Ni_3/CNTs catalysts, and the porous PTFE filter membrane was used as the electrode separator. The effects of methanol concentration, flow rate of mixed reactants and electrolyte concentration on the performance of single cell were studied. The optimal operating conditions for a single cell are as follows: (1) the flow rate is 0.5 -1 mL / KOH electrolyte. The maximum open circuit potential and power density of the cell are 0.351V and 0.151MW / cm ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1), respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM911.4;O643.36

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