本文選題：絕緣子　切入點(diǎn)：鈉鈣硅玻璃　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：絕緣子作為電力運(yùn)輸線路上的主要支撐構(gòu)件,起著支撐導(dǎo)線、增加爬電距離及防止電流回地等作用。它的性能和質(zhì)量對(duì)于電網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行有著相當(dāng)重要的影響。常見絕緣子包括陶瓷絕緣子,復(fù)合絕緣子和玻璃絕緣子三種。其中,玻璃絕緣子具有電壓分布均勻、零值自破、易檢驗(yàn)、使用壽命長等特點(diǎn),在高壓、超高壓、特高壓輸電線路領(lǐng)域已成為首選。玻璃配方是決定絕緣子性能的關(guān)鍵。本文針對(duì)大噸位玻璃絕緣子對(duì)高性能玻璃材料的需求,以傳統(tǒng)鈉鈣硅玻璃配方為基礎(chǔ),優(yōu)化其基本配比,并進(jìn)行摻雜改性,提高玻璃機(jī)械和電氣性能。系統(tǒng)研究了基礎(chǔ)組分、五氧二化鈮與稀土摻雜對(duì)玻璃結(jié)構(gòu)、機(jī)械性能和電氣性能的影響,優(yōu)化適合于大噸位玻璃絕緣子用鈉鈣硅玻璃配方。(1)研究K/Na比,CaO, Al2O3含量對(duì)玻璃結(jié)構(gòu)性能的影響。K/Na含量比增大時(shí),抗彎強(qiáng)度出現(xiàn)極大值,介電損耗減小,介電常數(shù)、體積電阻率、熱膨脹系數(shù)增大。CaO的加入,可以修復(fù)玻璃中的網(wǎng)絡(luò)斷鍵,使其網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)更加完整。隨著CaO含量增大,其抗彎強(qiáng)度、體積電阻率出現(xiàn)極大值,介電損耗出現(xiàn)極小值,介電常數(shù)、熱膨脹系數(shù)增大。A1203含量增大時(shí),熱膨脹系數(shù)和介電損耗和介電常數(shù)增大,體積電阻率降低。當(dāng)A1203較小時(shí),以[A104]形式存在,修復(fù)玻璃中的非橋氧,提高了玻璃的抗彎強(qiáng)度；當(dāng)A1203過量時(shí),以[A106]形式存在,破壞了玻璃的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),降低了玻璃的抗彎強(qiáng)度。(2)使用Nb205對(duì)鈉鈣硅玻璃進(jìn)行摻雜改性。Nb205能夠?qū)υ械牟ＡЫY(jié)構(gòu)起到修復(fù)作用,Nb-O-Si及Nb=O鍵具有更高的鍵強(qiáng),使玻璃的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)更加穩(wěn)定、緊密,從而可顯著提高機(jī)械強(qiáng)度,并降低介質(zhì)損耗。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)Nb205添加量達(dá)到3wt.%時(shí)具有最佳綜合性能：抗彎強(qiáng)度117MPa,相對(duì)介電常數(shù)8.41,介電損耗為1.25×10-3。(3)研究了稀土元素La、Y對(duì)鈉鈣硅玻璃性能的影響。研究表明,隨著La2O3、Y2O3含量的增加導(dǎo)致其熱膨脹系數(shù)增加,抗彎強(qiáng)度與介電性能都降低。然而玻璃的介電常數(shù)得到明顯上升。故稀土元素的摻雜降低了絕緣子玻璃的綜合性能,但少量加入能有效調(diào)整玻璃材料的介電常數(shù)。
[Abstract]:The insulator, as the main supporting member on the power transportation line, plays the supporting wire. Increase creeping distance and prevent current from returning to the ground. Its performance and quality are very important to the stable operation of the power grid. Common insulators include ceramic insulators, composite insulators and glass insulators. Glass insulators have the characteristics of uniform voltage distribution, zero-value self-breaking, easy inspection, long service life, etc., in high voltage, ultra high voltage, The field of UHV transmission lines has become the first choice. The glass formula is the key to determine the performance of insulators. In this paper, the basic ratio of glass insulators with high performance is optimized based on the traditional formula of sodium calcium silicate glass, aiming at the demand of high performance glass materials for large tonnage glass insulators. The effects of basic components, niobium pentoxide and rare earth doping on the structure, mechanical and electrical properties of glass were systematically studied. Optimized for large-tonnage glass insulators with sodium calcium silicate glass formula. 1) study the effect of K / Na ratio on glass structure and properties. When the ratio of K / Na content to K / Na content increases, the flexural strength appears maximum, the dielectric loss decreases, the dielectric constant and volume resistivity decrease. With the increase of thermal expansion coefficient, the network breaking bond in glass can be repaired and the network structure is more complete. With the increase of CaO content, the flexural strength, volume resistivity, dielectric loss and dielectric constant of the glass are maximized. When the thermal expansion coefficient increases, the thermal expansion coefficient, dielectric loss and dielectric constant increase, and the volume resistivity decreases. When A1203 is small, the unbridged oxygen in the glass is repaired and the bending strength of the glass is improved. When A1203 is excessive, it exists in the form of [A106], which destroys the network structure of glass. The flexural strength of the glass is reduced. Nb205 is used to modify the sodium calcium silicate glass by Nb205. Nb205 can repair the original glass structure. Nb-O-Si and Nb=O bond have higher bond strength, so that the network structure of the glass is more stable and compact. The results show that the mechanical strength and dielectric loss can be significantly increased. When the content of Nb205 reached 3wt.%, the optimum comprehensive properties were obtained: flexural strength 117MPa, relative dielectric constant 8.41, dielectric loss 1.25 脳 10 ~ (-3)). The effect of rare earth element LaCoY on the properties of sodium calcium silicate glass was studied. With the increase of La _ 2O _ 3-Y _ 2O _ 3 content, the thermal expansion coefficient increases and the bending strength and dielectric properties decrease. However, the dielectric constant of the glass increases obviously. Therefore, the doping of rare earth elements decreases the comprehensive properties of the insulator glass. However, a small amount of addition can effectively adjust the dielectric constant of glass materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ171.7

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