發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-06 17:39

  本文選題：流動(dòng)減阻　切入點(diǎn)：體——點(diǎn)導(dǎo)熱強(qiáng)化　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：化工過程(系統(tǒng))的效率與設(shè)備內(nèi)件結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)。因此,設(shè)備內(nèi)件結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化是實(shí)現(xiàn)過程強(qiáng)化的重要手段。設(shè)備內(nèi)件結(jié)構(gòu)的不同會(huì)導(dǎo)致傳遞現(xiàn)象的不同,正是由于傳遞現(xiàn)象的不同才最終導(dǎo)致化工過程效率的不同,因此設(shè)備內(nèi)件結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的關(guān)鍵在于傳遞現(xiàn)象的構(gòu)建。本文針對(duì)動(dòng)量傳遞(流體流動(dòng))、熱量傳遞(導(dǎo)熱和對(duì)流傳熱)及質(zhì)量傳遞(混合)現(xiàn)象的構(gòu)建進(jìn)行了探索性研究,提出了基于流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)建的傳遞過程強(qiáng)化思路。首先,針對(duì)流體流動(dòng)減阻問題,建立了以流動(dòng)黏性耗散為目標(biāo)函數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。通過求解數(shù)學(xué)模型(變分法求解),構(gòu)建了具有最小黏性耗散(機(jī)械能損失)的流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)。以此最優(yōu)流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ),通過多孔介質(zhì)模型與VOF模型對(duì)流體流道結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,最終得到具有較低流動(dòng)壓降的流線型流道結(jié)構(gòu)。其次,針對(duì)體——點(diǎn)導(dǎo)熱強(qiáng)化問題,建立了以傳熱熵產(chǎn)為目標(biāo)函數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。通過求解數(shù)學(xué)模型,構(gòu)建了具有最優(yōu)導(dǎo)熱性能的熱導(dǎo)率分布結(jié)構(gòu)。以此最優(yōu)熱導(dǎo)率分布為基礎(chǔ),通過基于溫度梯度的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方法構(gòu)造了具有強(qiáng)化散熱效果的散熱結(jié)構(gòu)。第三,針對(duì)圓管內(nèi)流體換熱強(qiáng)化問題,建立了以傳熱熵產(chǎn)為目標(biāo)函數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。通過求解數(shù)學(xué)模型,構(gòu)建了具有最優(yōu)換熱效果的流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)。以此最優(yōu)流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ),通過多孔介質(zhì)模型與VOF模型對(duì)流體流道結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,最終得到具有較高對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù)的換熱管結(jié)構(gòu)。最后,通過氣液界面?zhèn)髻|(zhì)過程與熱功轉(zhuǎn)換的類比,提出描述傳質(zhì)協(xié)同效應(yīng)的物理量。針對(duì)氣體混合強(qiáng)化問題,建立了以傳質(zhì)協(xié)同能力為目標(biāo)函數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。通過求解數(shù)學(xué)模型,構(gòu)建了具有最優(yōu)混合效果的流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)。以此最優(yōu)流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ),通過基于流場(chǎng)速度差異的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方法對(duì)氣體混合流道進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,最終得到具有較高混合效率的混合設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)。綜上所述,本文以傳遞現(xiàn)象構(gòu)建為橋梁,針對(duì)多種傳遞過程建立了傳遞過程強(qiáng)化與設(shè)備內(nèi)件結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化之間的聯(lián)系。通過建立并求解相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型首先構(gòu)建具有最佳傳遞效果的傳遞現(xiàn)象,以得到的傳遞現(xiàn)象為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)造出相應(yīng)的設(shè)備內(nèi)件結(jié)構(gòu),最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了相應(yīng)傳遞過程的強(qiáng)化。
[Abstract]:The efficiency of the chemical process (system) is related to the structure of the inner parts of the equipment. Therefore, the optimization of the structure of the inner parts of the equipment is an important means to realize the process strengthening. It is because of the different transfer phenomena that lead to the difference of chemical process efficiency. Therefore, the construction of transfer phenomena is the key to the structural optimization of equipment internals. In this paper, the construction of momentum transfer (fluid flow), heat transfer (heat conduction and convection heat transfer) and mass transfer (mixing) are studied. Based on the structure of the flow field, the idea of strengthening the transfer process is put forward. Firstly, aiming at the problem of drag reduction of fluid flow, A mathematical model with viscous dissipation as objective function is established. The flow field structure with minimum viscosity dissipation (mechanical energy loss) is constructed by solving the mathematical model (variational method), which is based on the optimal flow field structure. The flow channel structure is optimized by the porous media model and the VOF model, and the streamline flow channel structure with lower pressure drop is obtained. Secondly, aiming at the body-point heat conduction strengthening problem, the flow channel structure is optimized by the porous media model and the VOF model. A mathematical model with heat transfer entropy production as the objective function is established. By solving the mathematical model, the thermal conductivity distribution structure with optimal thermal conductivity is constructed. The structure design method based on temperature gradient is used to construct the heat dissipation structure with the effect of strengthening heat dissipation. Thirdly, a mathematical model with heat transfer entropy production as the objective function is established to solve the heat transfer enhancement problem in a circular tube. The flow field structure with optimal heat transfer effect is constructed. Based on the optimal flow field structure, the flow channel structure of the fluid is optimized by the porous media model and the VOF model. Finally, the heat transfer tube structure with higher convection heat transfer coefficient is obtained. Based on the analogy between the mass transfer process at the gas-liquid interface and the thermal power conversion, a physical quantity describing the mass transfer synergistic effect is proposed. Aiming at the gas mixing enhancement problem, a mathematical model with mass transfer synergistic ability as the objective function is established, and the mathematical model is solved. The flow field structure with optimal mixing effect is constructed, and based on the optimal flow field structure, the gas mixing channel is optimized by the structural design method based on the velocity difference of the flow field. Finally, the structure of mixing equipment with high mixing efficiency is obtained. In summary, the transfer phenomenon is used as a bridge in this paper. The relationship between the transfer process strengthening and the structural optimization of the internal parts of the equipment is established for a variety of transfer processes. Firstly, the transfer phenomenon with the best transfer effect is constructed by establishing and solving the corresponding mathematical models. Based on the resulting transfer phenomenon, the corresponding device internals are constructed, and the corresponding transfer process is finally strengthened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ021;TQ051

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