本文關(guān)鍵詞： 玻璃纖維 化學(xué)鍍 電磁輻射污染 電磁波屏蔽 電磁環(huán)境保護(hù) 電磁屏蔽涂料　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,各種電子電氣設(shè)備在軍事、通訊、醫(yī)學(xué)、工農(nóng)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛,所產(chǎn)生的電磁輻射也越來越強(qiáng)。日益嚴(yán)重的電磁輻射會產(chǎn)生電磁干擾、電磁信息泄密和電磁環(huán)境污染。防電磁波屏蔽涂料因其性價比較高,在防電磁波輻射污染中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。但傳統(tǒng)的電磁波屏蔽涂料多由比重大、成本高但導(dǎo)電性優(yōu)良的金、銀、銅、鎳等粉末或比重小、成本低但導(dǎo)電性一般的炭黑、石墨、電氣石和碳纖維等導(dǎo)電填料組成。玻璃纖維作為一種新型無機(jī)非金屬材料,其導(dǎo)電性較差,通過化學(xué)鍍等方法制備的導(dǎo)電玻璃纖維,可改善其導(dǎo)電性,提高其性價比,拓寬其用途。與傳統(tǒng)的碳纖維、黃銅纖維、鋁纖維等相比,導(dǎo)電玻璃纖維的比重小、成本低、導(dǎo)電性好。研究開發(fā)新型導(dǎo)電玻璃纖維具有一定的工程意義和經(jīng)濟(jì)價值。本論文在前期研究基礎(chǔ)上,選擇了導(dǎo)電性較好的Cu和具有良好的耐腐蝕性、抗氧化性的Ni作為玻璃纖維的鍍敷金屬,利用化學(xué)鍍技術(shù),通過除油清洗、活化敏化等預(yù)處理后,以硫酸鎳(Ni S04·6H20),硫酸銅(Cu S04·5H20)作為主鹽,次磷酸鈉(Na H2PO2·H2O)為還原劑,氨三乙酸N((CH2COOH)3)為絡(luò)合劑,制備出了鍍鎳銅玻璃纖維。用掃描電鏡(SEM)、X射線衍射(XRD)、紅外光譜(IR)等對其進(jìn)行了分析和表征。將制備的鍍鎳銅玻璃纖維與鎳粉混合成復(fù)合屏蔽填料添加到環(huán)氧樹脂中制備出了一種新型防電磁輻射用鍍銅鎳玻璃纖維/鎳粉/環(huán)氧樹脂電磁波屏蔽復(fù)合涂料,并對其導(dǎo)電性、屏蔽效能和其它物理化學(xué)性能進(jìn)行了分析測試。本研究為提高玻璃纖維的性價比,擴(kuò)寬其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域以及為研制開發(fā)新型經(jīng)濟(jì)實用型電磁波屏蔽材料提供了一種新的思路和方法。本論文得到的主要結(jié)論如下:玻璃纖維的預(yù)處理工藝為:經(jīng)丙酮除油處理后的玻璃纖維用1%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液表面改性,用60-65%的硝酸溶液進(jìn)行粗化處理,用12 g/L Sn Cl2·2H2O和30 g/L HCl混合溶液敏化處理后,用0.5 g/L Pd Cl2和1 m L/L HCl進(jìn)行活化處理,用1.0-3.5%的次亞磷酸鈉溶液對玻璃纖維進(jìn)行還原處理�；瘜W(xué)鍍鎳銅玻璃纖維所用鍍液的基礎(chǔ)工藝配方為:30~40 g/L的硫酸鎳(Ni S04·6H20)和5~10 g/L的硫酸銅(Cu S04·5H20)為主鹽,25~50 g/L的次磷酸鈉(Na H2PO2·H2O)為穩(wěn)定劑,30~50 g/L的氨三乙酸N((CH2COOH)3)為絡(luò)合劑等;其中,鍍液的p H值為4.8,化學(xué)鍍的溫度為88℃,施鍍時間為1~2h。用EDS對化學(xué)鍍鎳銅前后的玻璃纖維進(jìn)行分析表明,鍍鎳銅玻璃纖維的中Ni、Cu的重量百分含量分別從0.13%和0.68%增加至17.39%和1.91%,Ni、Cu的原子百分含量分別從0.05%和0.22%增加至5.77%和0.59%;用數(shù)字萬用表測得鍍鎳銅玻璃纖維的電阻為0.85?,而未鍍鎳銅的玻璃纖維為絕緣體,化學(xué)鍍鎳銅改善了玻璃纖維的成分和導(dǎo)電性。將鍍Ni-Cu玻璃纖維和鎳粉按照一定比例混合,制成復(fù)合屏蔽填料,用環(huán)氧樹脂作粘結(jié)劑,制備出了一種新型的鍍Ni-Cu玻璃纖維/鎳粉/環(huán)氧樹脂電磁波屏蔽復(fù)合涂料;當(dāng)鍍Ni-Cu玻璃纖維的添加量達(dá)到復(fù)合填料含量的5 wt%,涂層厚度為0.3 mm時,涂層的電阻率為1.32??cm,比未添加的降低1.08??cm,在300 k Hz-1.5 GHz頻段范圍內(nèi),涂層的電磁波屏蔽效能達(dá)到了35.822-41.924 d B,比未添加的提高了1.17-8.79 d B;鍍Ni-Cu玻璃纖維/鎳粉/環(huán)氧樹脂電磁波屏蔽復(fù)合涂料的主要物理性能指標(biāo)已達(dá)到我國SJ/T 10674—1995《涂料涂覆通用技術(shù)條件》的有關(guān)規(guī)定。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern science and technology, all kinds of electrical and electronic equipment in the military, communications, medical, industrial and agricultural fields are used more and more widely, the electromagnetic radiation generated by more and more strong. The increasingly serious electromagnetic radiation will produce electromagnetic interference, electromagnetic information leakage and electromagnetic pollution of the environment. Because of its anti electromagnetic shielding coatings the higher price, the anti electromagnetic radiation pollution plays an important role. But the traditional electromagnetic shielding coatings by more than the major, but the high cost of good conductivity of gold, silver, copper, nickel powder or the proportion of small, low cost but the general carbon black, conductive graphite, tourmaline and carbon fiber etc. an electrically conductive filler. Glass fiber as a new type of inorganic non-metallic materials, the poor conductivity of conductive glass fiber by electroless plating and preparation method, which can improve the conductivity, increase its price, and broaden its use. Carbon fiber, traditional brass fiber, compared with aluminum fiber, conductive glass fiber proportion of small, low cost, good conductivity. Research and development of novel conductive glass fiber has a certain engineering significance and economic value. This paper based on the previous study, choose the good conductivity of Cu and has good corrosion resistance the antioxidant activity of Ni, as a glass fiber metal plating, plating by chemical, through degreasing cleaning, activation and sensitization after pretreatment with nickel sulfate (Ni, S04, 6H20), copper sulfate (Cu S04 5H20) as the main salt, sodium hypophosphite (Na H2PO2 H2O) as reducing agent ammonia, three acetic acid (N (CH2COOH) 3) as complexing agent, was prepared by nickel plated copper glass fiber. By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and so on has carried on the analysis and characterization. The prepared nickel copper nickel powder mixed with glass fiber a composite shielding filler added to epoxy The resin was prepared by a new type of anti electromagnetic radiation with copper and nickel plating of glass fiber / nickel powder / epoxy resin electromagnetic shielding composite coating, and the conductivity, shielding effectiveness and other physical and chemical properties were analyzed in this study. In order to improve the price of glass fiber, broaden its application areas and development the new economy type electromagnetic wave shielding material provides a new idea and method. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: the pretreatment process of glass fiber: acetone degreasing treatment after the glass fiber with 1% gamma aminopropyltriethoxysilane solution surface modified with nitric acid solution of 60-65% rough treatment with 12 g/L Sn, Cl2 2H2O and g/L HCl 30 mixed solution after sensitization and activation treatment with 0.5 g/L Pd and 1 Cl2 m L/L HCl, using sodium hypophosphite solution 1.0-3.5% on glass fiber was also the original 澶勭悊.鍖栧闀，

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