【摘要】：近年來,碳點(diǎn)作為一種新型的熒光碳納米材料,已引起了各國研究學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注。相比于傳統(tǒng)的有機(jī)染料分子及半導(dǎo)體量子點(diǎn),碳點(diǎn)具有低毒、光穩(wěn)定性好、環(huán)境友好、易于合成和功能化、激發(fā)和發(fā)射波長(zhǎng)可調(diào)、無光漂白和光閃爍現(xiàn)象等優(yōu)點(diǎn),已被廣泛應(yīng)用于生化傳感、環(huán)境檢測(cè)、催化技術(shù)、藥物轉(zhuǎn)移及生物成像等領(lǐng)域。迄今,碳點(diǎn)的制備方法及其發(fā)光性能方面的研究已取得了較大的進(jìn)展,然而尋求發(fā)光效率更高、合成更為簡(jiǎn)便且適用于大規(guī)模合成碳點(diǎn)的方法仍具有十分重要的意義。本文探究了碳點(diǎn)合成的新方法并對(duì)其性能進(jìn)行了研究,建立了基于碳點(diǎn)的高靈敏、高選擇性的金屬離子及姜黃素藥物檢測(cè)方法。具體內(nèi)容包括以下幾個(gè)方面:1.熒光碳點(diǎn)對(duì)Cr(Ⅵ)的靈敏檢測(cè)及在檢測(cè)試紙條中的應(yīng)用研究Cr(Ⅵ)具有高度的致癌性及致突變性,可對(duì)人體的基因表達(dá)、心血管功能等造成嚴(yán)重影響,導(dǎo)致腎炎、皮膚刺激及多種癌癥,因此對(duì)Cr(Ⅵ)的檢測(cè)分析具有十分重要的意義。本節(jié)以植酸和乙二胺為原料,微波法合成綠色熒光碳點(diǎn)。該碳點(diǎn)的粒徑均勻、分散性良好、水溶性好、穩(wěn)定性高且其表面富含大量氨基、羧基等功能基團(tuán)。經(jīng)一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)證明該碳點(diǎn)與Cr(Ⅵ)之間的反應(yīng)機(jī)理為內(nèi)濾效應(yīng)與靜態(tài)猝滅相結(jié)合的機(jī)理。該方法具有靈敏度高、選擇性好、反應(yīng)迅速等特點(diǎn)。Cr(Ⅵ)濃度在1.0~400μM范圍內(nèi)與該碳點(diǎn)的熒光強(qiáng)度猝滅呈良好的線性關(guān)系,線性范圍廣,檢測(cè)限(σ/S=3)為0.24μM。將其應(yīng)用于實(shí)際樣品中Cr(Ⅵ)的檢測(cè),回收率測(cè)定結(jié)果令人滿意。此外,該碳點(diǎn)因具有低毒性、良好的生物相容性、優(yōu)良的熒光性能且發(fā)出綠色熒光,背景干擾較小,可被應(yīng)用于熒光墨水和生物標(biāo)記領(lǐng)域。因隨著Cr(Ⅵ)離子的加入,熒光碳點(diǎn)在紫外下的顏色改變較為明顯,肉眼清晰可見,基于此可制備Cr(Ⅵ)檢測(cè)試紙條,用于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)、實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)。2.以天然原料為碳源合成熒光碳點(diǎn)及其對(duì)Pd2+的檢測(cè)鈀作為珍貴的過渡金屬元素之一,已被廣泛應(yīng)用于燃料電池、珠寶、電子器件、催化轉(zhuǎn)化、醫(yī)藥合成等領(lǐng)域。然而,過量的Pd2+可對(duì)人體健康產(chǎn)生威脅,導(dǎo)致過敏反應(yīng)、細(xì)胞及DNA損傷、抑制酶的活性等,因此,發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)單高效的Pd2+檢測(cè)方法具有重要意義。本節(jié)建立了一種以馬蹄為碳源,一步合成氨基修飾的碳點(diǎn)為熒光探針,靈敏檢測(cè)Pd2+的方法。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明該碳點(diǎn)粒徑均勻、光學(xué)性能優(yōu)異、具有較好的水溶性、生物相容性及激發(fā)波長(zhǎng)依賴的熒光性質(zhì),表面富含大量氨基、羧基等基團(tuán)。鈀離子能夠特異性地猝滅碳點(diǎn)的熒光,并且熒光強(qiáng)度的降低與鈀離子的濃度(0.4~200μM)呈良好的線性關(guān)系(R2=0.9948),該檢測(cè)方法靈敏度高、分析時(shí)間短、操作簡(jiǎn)單。此方法成功應(yīng)用于實(shí)際水樣中Pd2+的檢測(cè),平均加標(biāo)回收率在97.88%~103.27%之間,測(cè)定結(jié)果令人滿意。3.水熱法一步合成氮摻雜的熒光碳點(diǎn)及其在姜黃素檢測(cè)分析中的應(yīng)用姜黃素除了可作為天然食用色素外,還具有抗癌、消炎、抗氧化、抗微生物等藥理功能,因此姜黃素的靈敏檢測(cè)對(duì)臨床醫(yī)藥的研究十分重要。本節(jié)以菊花為碳源,乙二胺為修飾劑,一步水熱法合成熒光碳點(diǎn)并實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)姜黃素的痕量分析,該合成方法具有成本低廉、操作簡(jiǎn)便、環(huán)境友好等特點(diǎn)。本節(jié)還研究了碳點(diǎn)的形貌粒徑、發(fā)光性能和穩(wěn)定性能等。姜黃素與碳點(diǎn)之間由于內(nèi)濾效應(yīng)發(fā)生反應(yīng),從而使碳點(diǎn)的熒光被有效地猝滅,該檢測(cè)方法具有靈敏度高、選擇性好、檢測(cè)限低(20.81 ng m L-1)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),并成功應(yīng)用于血清中姜黃素的測(cè)定,樣品的平均回收率為97.50%~103.60%,相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差小于3.06%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, carbon-point as a new type of fluorescent carbon nano-material has attracted extensive attention from researchers. Compared with the traditional organic dye molecule and the semiconductor quantum dot, the carbon point has the advantages of low toxicity, good light stability, environmental protection, easy synthesis and functionalization, adjustable excitation and emission wavelength, no light bleaching and light flicker phenomenon, and the like, and has been widely applied to the biochemical sensing and environmental detection, And belongs to the field of catalysis technology, drug transfer and biological imaging and the like. So far, the preparation method of the carbon point and the research on the luminescence property have made great progress, but the method of seeking higher luminous efficiency, more simple and convenient to synthesize and suitable for large-scale synthesis of the carbon point is still very important. In this paper, a new method of carbon-point synthesis is studied and its properties are studied, and a high-sensitivity, high-selectivity metal ion and curcumin drug detection method based on carbon-point are established. The specific contents include the following aspects:1. the sensitive detection of the fluorescent carbon spot on the Cr (VI) and the application of the Cr (VI) in the detection test strip have high carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, can cause serious influence on the gene expression, the cardiovascular function and the like of the human body, and lead to nephritis, skin irritation and various cancers, Therefore, the detection and analysis of Cr (鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2485401