【摘要】：正丁醚是一種低毒性、難溶于水的含氧烴類(lèi),具有穩(wěn)定性好、操作安全等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是一種重要的有機(jī)溶劑以及性能優(yōu)良的萃取劑。液液相平衡數(shù)據(jù)在許多化學(xué)物質(zhì)的的分離過(guò)程中起著至關(guān)重要的作用,也可以為工業(yè)萃取設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)提供重要信息;而不同溫度對(duì)液液相平衡的雙液相區(qū)有所影響,所以不同溫度下的液液相平衡研究對(duì)于更好地理解多組分體系的熱力學(xué)行為是必不可少的。精確的液液相平衡數(shù)據(jù)近年來(lái)也一直受到了很大的關(guān)注,本論文采用氣相色譜儀測(cè)定了二元體系(水+正丁醚)及三元體系(水+乙醇+正丁醚)、(水+異丙醇+正丁醚)在常壓及不同溫度(293.15、298.15、303.15、308.15)K下的液液相平衡數(shù)據(jù)并且考察了溫度對(duì)液液相平衡兩相區(qū)域的影響。通過(guò)計(jì)算乙醇及異丙醇的分離系數(shù)來(lái)考察正丁醚作為萃取劑將醇從水中萃取出來(lái)的可行性。為了改善由汽車(chē)尾氣引起的空氣污染問(wèn)題,近年來(lái)越來(lái)越多的研究致力于開(kāi)發(fā)新型汽油添加劑以改善燃油品質(zhì)、降低油耗、改善排放,從而達(dá)到節(jié)能減排的目的。正丁醚由于它的高辛烷值以及在水中的低溶解性,可作為一種潛在的新型汽油添加劑,本論文測(cè)得了四元體系(水+異丙醇+異辛烷+正丁醚)在298.15 K及常壓下的液液相平衡數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)算得到了四元體系中各物質(zhì)的分配系數(shù)以考察當(dāng)正丁醚加入模擬汽油體系,對(duì)體系有機(jī)相和水相中的各組分的影響。本論文采用Othmer-Tobias和Hand方程分析和驗(yàn)證了實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)得的液液相平衡數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確度和可靠性。對(duì)于(水+乙醇+DBE)體系Othmer-Tobias和Hand方程的回歸系數(shù)(R2)平均值分別為0.9942、0.9948;對(duì)于(水+異丙醇+DBE)體系兩個(gè)方程的R2平均值分別為0.9624、0.9771;對(duì)于四元體系兩個(gè)方程R2平均值分別為0.9315、0.9826;說(shuō)明本論文測(cè)得的液液相平衡數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確度和可信度均較高。同時(shí),采用Modified UNIQUAC和Extended UNIQUAC模型分別對(duì)所測(cè)得體系的液液相平衡實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了計(jì)算分析,對(duì)于三元體系Modified和Extended UNIQUAC模型計(jì)算得到關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)果的平均均方根差分別為1.22 mol%和1.48 mol%;對(duì)于四元體系分別為1.31 mol%和2.38 mol%。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明:由模型計(jì)算得到的關(guān)聯(lián)值與實(shí)驗(yàn)值吻合度很高。
[Abstract]:N-butyl ether is a kind of oxygen hydrocarbon with low toxicity and insoluble in water. It has the advantages of good stability and safe operation. It is an important organic solvent and extractant with good performance. Liquid-liquid equilibrium data plays an important role in the separation of many chemical substances, and it can also provide important information for the design of industrial extraction equipment. The study of liquid-liquid equilibrium at different temperatures is necessary for a better understanding of the thermodynamic behavior of multi-component systems because of the influence of different temperatures on the two-phase region of liquid-liquid equilibrium. The accurate liquid-liquid equilibrium data has been paid much attention in recent years. In this paper, the binary system (water n-butyl ether) and ternary system (water-ethanol n-butyl ether) were determined by gas chromatography. The liquid-liquid equilibrium data at atmospheric pressure and at different temperatures (293.15298.15303.15308.15) K and the effect of temperature on the liquid-liquid equilibrium two-phase region were investigated. The feasibility of extracting alcohol from water with n-butyl ether as extractant was investigated by calculating the separation coefficient of ethanol and isopropanol. In order to improve the air pollution caused by automobile exhaust, more and more research is devoted to the development of new gasoline additives to improve fuel quality, reduce fuel consumption and improve emissions, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction. N-butyl ether can be used as a potential new gasoline additive because of its high octane number and low solubility in water. In this paper, the liquid-liquid equilibrium data of quaternary system (water isooctane n-butyl ether) at 298.15 K and normal pressure were measured, and the partition coefficients of each substance in the quaternary system were calculated to investigate the addition of n-butyl ether to simulated gasoline system. Influence on the components of organic phase and aqueous phase of the system. In this paper, Othmer-Tobias and Hand equations are used to analyze and verify the accuracy and reliability of the measured liquid-liquid equilibrium data. The mean regression coefficients (R2) of Othmer-Tobias and Hand equation for (water ethanol DBE) system were 0.9942 and 0.9948, respectively, and for (water isopropanol DBE) system were 0.962 24 and 0.977 1, respectively, and for (water isopropanol DBE) system, the regression coefficients (R 2) were 0.962 4 and 0.977 1, respectively. For the quaternary system, the average values of R2 are 0.9315 and 0.9826, respectively, indicating that the accuracy and reliability of the liquid-liquid equilibrium data measured in this paper are high. At the same time, Modified UNIQUAC and Extended UNIQUAC models are used to calculate and analyze the experimental data of liquid-liquid equilibrium. For the ternary system Modified and Extended UNIQUAC models, the mean root mean square deviation of the correlation results is 1.22 mol% and 1.48 mol%;, respectively. For quaternary systems, 1.31 mol% and 2.38 mol%., respectively. The calculated results show that the correlation values calculated by the model have a high degree of coincidence with the experimental values.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：O642.42

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