【摘要】：聚電解質是一類重要的有應用前景的功能性高分子聚合物,它在離子交換,滲透、催化以及藥物緩釋、環(huán)保領域有著廣泛而特殊的應用,因此,聚電解質分子的相互作用機理以及其應用成為人們研究的熱點。研究聚電解質的界面現(xiàn)象以及機理對于促進聚電解質的應用非常重要,傳統(tǒng)的界面檢測技術均有種種缺點,而新型的和頻振動光譜(SFG)技術具有高靈敏度,原位無損檢測的優(yōu)點,這對于聚電解質的界面檢測具有重要意義。P4VP是一種典型的聚堿類聚電解質,PAA是一種典型的聚酸類聚電解質,研究兩者的相互作用機理以及作用過程中界面的分子結構是一個有趣而又有意義的課題。先前對此的研究只是利用紅外以及核磁共振的手段進行的,然而這存在一個不可避免的缺點,即無法排除本體的信號,不能再原位無損地檢測具體反應過程中官能團的變化,因而所得到的結果是不夠準確的。和頻振動光譜(SFG)技術作為一種有效的分析檢測手段在高分子材料乃至生物醫(yī)學領域具有重要的應用價值。我們通過分別對比聚電解質P4VP在不同化學環(huán)境(水、PAA溶液、HCl溶液)下,不同偏振模式(SSP,PPP)下,不同頻率范圍(1500-1800cm-1,2900-3600cm-1)的和頻振動光譜結果,結合相關的研究資料,研究了不同條件下聚電解質P4VP的吡啶環(huán)以及質子化作用產生的官能團,水分子氫鍵,羧基的取向變化,進一步分析了聚電解質P4VP與PAA在表界面相互作用的機理,這對于以后聚電解質的反應動力學研究乃至相關的應用設計具有重要的意義。除了聚電解質反應的表界面檢測,我們還對聚多巴胺這種聚電解質進行了應用復合材料設計及吸附性能檢測。多巴胺是一種高吸附性安全環(huán)保廉價的材料,聚多巴胺也同樣具有很好的吸附性、安全性和結構穩(wěn)定性,為了使多巴胺在處理廢水中的銅離子領域有更好的應用,我們研究了了聚多巴胺石墨烯的聚合物復合體系,使用模板法結合化學還原的方法快速高效的制備了三維多孔材料。并且通過對比分析聚多巴胺囊泡吸附銅離子、石墨烯吸附銅離子、聚多巴胺石墨烯復合材料吸附銅離子的實驗結果,發(fā)現(xiàn)了新制造的聚多巴胺石墨烯復合材料具有較好的吸附銅離子效果,解吸附實驗表明制備的石墨烯材料具有一定的可再吸附能力,盡管不如單純的石墨烯材料。本文為制備高吸附性的多巴胺石墨烯材料提供了一種較為快速高效的方法,為石墨烯基復合材料應用于污水處理領域的研究提供了一些參考。
[Abstract]:Polyelectrolyte is a kind of important functional polymer with potential application. It has a wide range of special applications in ion exchange, penetration, catalysis, drug release and environmental protection. The interaction mechanism of polyelectrolyte molecules and its application have become the focus of research. It is very important to study the interface phenomenon and mechanism of polyelectrolyte in order to promote the application of polyelectrolyte. The traditional interface detection technique has all kinds of shortcomings, while the new (SFG) technique with sum frequency vibration spectrum has high sensitivity. P4VP is a typical polyelectrolyte and PAA is a typical polyelectrolyte. It is an interesting and meaningful subject to study the mechanism of the interaction and the molecular structure of the interface in the process of interaction. Previous studies have only been carried out by means of infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). However, there is an inevitable disadvantage that it is impossible to eliminate the signals of the body and to detect the changes of functional groups in the specific reaction process in situ and non-destructive. As a result, the results are not accurate enough. As an effective analytical method, the (SFG) technique has important application value in the field of macromolecule materials and even biomedicine. We compared the sum-frequency vibrational spectra of polyelectrolyte P4VP in different chemical environments (water, PAA solution, HCl solution), in different polarization modes (SSP,PPP) and in different frequency ranges (1500 脳 1800 cm / 1, 2900 脳 3600 cm / 1), respectively, under different chemical environments (water, PAA solution, HCl solution), and in different polarization modes (SSP,PPP). The pyridine ring of polyelectrolyte P4VP and the change of orientation of functional group, hydrogen bond of water molecule and carboxyl group produced by protonation under different conditions were studied. The mechanism of the interaction between polyelectrolyte P4VP and PAA on the surface interface is further analyzed, which is of great significance to the study of the reaction kinetics of polyelectrolyte and the design of its application in the future. In addition to the surface interface detection of polyelectrolyte reaction, we have also designed and tested the adsorption performance of the polyelectrolyte, which is a polyelectrolyte based on polyelectrolyte, by using the composite material. Dopamine is a kind of high adsorptive safety, environmental protection cheap material, polydopamine also has very good adsorptive property, safety and structural stability, in order to make dopamine have better application in the copper ion field of wastewater treatment. The polymer composite system of poly (dopamine graphene) was studied. Three-dimensional porous materials were prepared rapidly and efficiently by template method combined with chemical reduction method. The experimental results of adsorption of copper ions by polydopamine vesicles, copper ions adsorbed by graphene, and copper ions adsorbed by polydopamine graphene composites were compared and analyzed. It is found that the newly fabricated polydopamine graphene composites have a good effect on the adsorption of copper ions, and the desorption experiments show that the prepared graphene materials have certain readsorbability, although they are not as good as those of pure graphene materials. This paper provides a rapid and efficient method for the preparation of highly adsorptive dopamine graphene materials and provides some references for the application of graphene matrix composites in the field of wastewater treatment.
【學位授予單位】：東南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O631;TB332

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