【摘要】：建立紅外光譜快速鑒別牛肝菌種類(lèi)及預(yù)測(cè)牛肝菌中重金屬鎘(Cd)含量的方法。采集11種牛肝菌共98個(gè)子實(shí)體的紅外光譜信息,解析牛肝菌的紅外光譜,用一階導(dǎo)數(shù)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正態(tài)變量和多元散射校正對(duì)原始光譜進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,通過(guò)PLS-DA鑒別牛肝菌種類(lèi)。采用ICP-AES法測(cè)定牛肝菌中有毒重金屬Cd含量,分析牛肝菌對(duì)Cd的富集規(guī)律并與GB 2762—2012規(guī)定的食用菌中Cd限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比較,評(píng)價(jià)牛肝菌的食用安全性。以食用菌對(duì)重金屬Cd的富集機(jī)理為切入點(diǎn),將牛肝菌紅外光譜數(shù)據(jù)和Cd含量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擬合,用PLS模型快速預(yù)測(cè)牛肝菌的Cd含量。結(jié)果顯示:(1)牛肝菌紅外光譜經(jīng)過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)念A(yù)處理進(jìn)行PLS-DA,前三個(gè)主成分累積貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)到79.3%,PLS-DA的三維得分圖能明顯區(qū)分不同種類(lèi)牛肝菌;(2)不同產(chǎn)地、種類(lèi)牛肝菌對(duì)重金屬Cd的富集存在差異,其含量在0.05~23.41mg·kg~(-1) dw之間,除了采自昆明五華區(qū)的灰疣柄牛肝菌外,多數(shù)樣品的Cd含量超過(guò)GB2762-2012的限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),食用有一定的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn);(3)牛肝菌紅外光譜數(shù)據(jù)與Cd含量擬合后進(jìn)行正交信號(hào)校正-小波壓縮優(yōu)化處理,用PLS模型預(yù)測(cè)牛肝菌的Cd含量;訓(xùn)練集和驗(yàn)證集的R~2分別為0.851 9和0.882 4,RMSEE和RMSEP分別為2.59和2.67,大部分牛肝菌的Cd含量預(yù)測(cè)值與真實(shí)值較接近,表明PLS模型可用于牛肝菌Cd含量快速預(yù)測(cè)。傅里葉變換紅外光譜結(jié)合化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)能實(shí)現(xiàn)牛肝菌種類(lèi)快速鑒別及Cd含量準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè),為牛肝菌種類(lèi)鑒別和質(zhì)量控制提供快速、有效的方法。
[Abstract]:A method for identifying the species of Boletus and predicting the content of cadmium (Cd) in Boletus was established by infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectra of 98 fruiting bodies of 11 species of Boletus were collected, and the infrared spectra of Boletus were analyzed. The original spectra were pretreated with first derivative, standard normal variables and multivariate scattering correction. The species of Boletus were identified by PLS-DA. The content of toxic heavy metal Cd in Boletus was determined by ICP-AES method, and the enrichment rule of Cd by Boletus was analyzed, and compared with the limit standard of Cd in edible fungi stipulated by GB 2762-2012, the edible safety of Boletus was evaluated. Based on the enrichment mechanism of heavy metal Cd by edible fungi, the infrared spectrum data of Boletus and the data of Cd content were fitted, and the Cd content of Boletus was predicted quickly by PLS model. The results showed that: (1) the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components of PLS-DA, was 79.3% by infrared spectrum of Boletus and the three dimensional score map of PLS-DA could distinguish different species of Boletus obviously; (2) the enrichment of heavy metal Cd by Boletus species was different in different habitats, and its content was between 0.05~23.41mg kg~ (-1) dw, except for Boletus gramintifolia collected from Wuhua area of Kunming. The Cd content of most samples exceeded the limit standard of GB2762-2012, and there was a certain health risk in eating it. (3) after fitting the infrared spectrum data of Boletus and Cd content, the orthogonal signal correction-wavelet compression optimization was carried out, and the Cd content of Boletus was predicted by PLS model. The RMMSEE and RMSEP of the training set and the validation set were 0.851 9 and 0.882 4 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2385711