【摘要】：重金屬污染具有長期性、蓄積性和不可逆性等特點,具有顯著的生物毒性。近年來,環(huán)境重金屬的污染監(jiān)測及其對健康的危害日益受到社會的關注。本文采用電感耦合等離子體發(fā)射光譜法(ICP-AES)和電感耦合等離子體質譜法(ICP-MS)分別對大氣顆粒物、水體、土壤三種環(huán)境載體的樣品進行金屬元素含量的測定,通過大量實驗數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計分析,對ICP-AES和ICP-MS法在環(huán)境樣品分析中的應用進行探索和研究。選取澳門娛樂場所82個PM2.5樣品和82個PM10樣品為分析對象。超聲提取水溶性元素,采用ICP-AES測定Al、Ca、K、Mg、Na等5種元素含量,采用ICP-MS測定含量較低的Ti、Zn、Sn等14種元素；結果表明,PM2.5和PM10的金屬元素含量分布可大致分為三類,其中Na含量最高平均值分別為21.49 mg/L和21.32 m/L,Al、Ca、Mg、K、Fe、Zn、As、Ba平均值分布在0.02-6.78 mg/L范圍內,Ti、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Hg、Cd、Pb、Sn平均值分布在0.04～7.91 μg/L范圍內,As含量均超出GB3095-2012國標要求；混酸消解提取樣品中全部金屬元素,采用ICP-AES測定Al、B、Ba等30種元素含量。利用SPSS軟件對水溶性和酸消解法數(shù)據(jù)進行相關性分析和同源性解析,結果顯示水溶性元素可能由揚塵引入,酸消解元素主要由其他因素引起。采用直接稀釋法對大連近海海域9個樣品中P、B、Mg、Ca、K 5種元素含量進行測定,加標回收率為92.92％～118.8%,證明該方法可行。對北方某村10個井水樣品和附近水庫水中元素含量進行分析,采用ICP-AES測定Mg、Na、Ca等8種元素含量,ICP-MS測定Pb、Cd、B等12種元素含量。結果表明,對照GB 5749-2006,井水中Fe含量均超標,有5個樣品中Se含量超出GB 5749-2006要求,但是符合GB 8537-2008要求。元素含量的相關性分析結果顯示Ba、Ca、Mg、Na元素具有同源性,P與Ca、Mg、Na來源相近,而與Ba有不同的來源,K具有跟其它元素都不相同的來源。利用HNO_3、HClO_4、HF混酸對北方某村15個土壤樣品進行消解,采用ICP-AES測定As、Ni、P等21個元素。經(jīng)測定,該地區(qū)土壤中As超標,用SPSS軟件進行聚類分析,結果表明土壤與地下水的金屬元素來源不同,這從另一個角度驗證了表層土壤和井水中金屬元素相關系數(shù)較低,元素在表層土壤和地下井水中的分布差距較大。通過對測定結果的分析表明,ICP-AES和ICP-MS法具有重復性好、準確度高、污染小等優(yōu)點,其在大氣顆粒物、水體、土壤環(huán)境中的分析具有很好的應用性。ICP-AES和ICP-MS法在環(huán)境中的應用研究對控制污染源、維持人類健康具有至關重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Heavy metal pollution has the characteristics of long term accumulation and irreversibility and has remarkable biological toxicity. In recent years, the pollution monitoring of environmental heavy metals and its harm to health have been paid more and more attention by the society. In this paper, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determine the contents of metal elements in three kinds of environmental carriers: atmospheric particulate matter, water body and soil, respectively. The application of ICP-AES and ICP-MS in the analysis of environmental samples was studied by statistical analysis of a large number of experimental data. 82 samples of PM2.5 and 82 samples of PM10 were selected for analysis. Ultrasonic extraction of water-soluble elements, ICP-AES determination of Al,Ca,K,Mg,Na and other five elements content, ICP-MS determination of lower content of Ti,Zn,Sn and other 14 elements; The results show that the distribution of metal elements in PM2.5 and PM10 can be roughly divided into three categories, in which the highest average values of Na content are 21.49 mg/L and 21.32 m / L respectively. The average value of Ba was in the range of 0.02-6.78 mg/L, and the average value of Ti,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Hg,Cd,Pb,Sn was in the range of 0.04 ~ 7.91 渭 g / L, the content of As exceeded the requirement of GB3095-2012 national standard. All the metal elements in the sample were extracted by mixed acid digestion and the content of 30 elements such as Al,B,Ba were determined by ICP-AES. Correlation analysis and homology analysis of water-soluble and acid digestion data were carried out by using SPSS software. The results showed that water-soluble elements may be introduced by dust, while acid digestion elements are mainly caused by other factors. A direct dilution method was used to determine the contents of 5 elements in 9 samples from the coastal waters of Dalian. The recoveries of the five elements were 92.922% and 118.8% respectively, which proved that the method was feasible. The contents of elements in 10 well water samples and nearby reservoirs in a village in northern China were analyzed. The contents of 8 elements of Mg,Na,Ca and 12 elements of Pb,Cd,B were determined by ICP-AES and 12 elements by ICP-MS. The results showed that compared with GB 5749-2006, the content of Fe in well water exceeded the standard, and the content of Se in 5 samples exceeded the requirement of GB 5749-2006, but met the requirement of GB 8537-2008. The results of correlation analysis of element contents showed that Ba,Ca,Mg,Na elements had homology, P and Ca,Mg,Na sources were similar, but had different sources from Ba, and K had different sources from other elements. Fifteen soil samples from a village in northern China were digested by HNO_3,HClO_4,HF mixed acid and 21 elements such as As,Ni,P were determined by ICP-AES. The results show that the sources of metal elements in soil and groundwater are different from each other, which proves that the correlation coefficient of metal elements in surface soil and well water is low. The distribution gap of elements in surface soil and underground well water is large. The analysis of the results shows that ICP-AES and ICP-MS have the advantages of good repeatability, high accuracy and little pollution. The application of ICP-AES and ICP-MS methods in environment is very important for controlling pollution sources and maintaining human health.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X830;O657

【引證文獻】

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1 章洋;;ICP-MS在環(huán)境監(jiān)測中的應用和注意[J];中小企業(yè)管理與科技(上旬刊);2017年05期

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本文編號：2378890