【摘要】：重金屬污染具有長(zhǎng)期性、蓄積性和不可逆性等特點(diǎn),具有顯著的生物毒性。近年來(lái),環(huán)境重金屬的污染監(jiān)測(cè)及其對(duì)健康的危害日益受到社會(huì)的關(guān)注。本文采用電感耦合等離子體發(fā)射光譜法(ICP-AES)和電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法(ICP-MS)分別對(duì)大氣顆粒物、水體、土壤三種環(huán)境載體的樣品進(jìn)行金屬元素含量的測(cè)定,通過(guò)大量實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,對(duì)ICP-AES和ICP-MS法在環(huán)境樣品分析中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行探索和研究。選取澳門(mén)娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所82個(gè)PM2.5樣品和82個(gè)PM10樣品為分析對(duì)象。超聲提取水溶性元素,采用ICP-AES測(cè)定Al、Ca、K、Mg、Na等5種元素含量,采用ICP-MS測(cè)定含量較低的Ti、Zn、Sn等14種元素；結(jié)果表明,PM2.5和PM10的金屬元素含量分布可大致分為三類(lèi),其中Na含量最高平均值分別為21.49 mg/L和21.32 m/L,Al、Ca、Mg、K、Fe、Zn、As、Ba平均值分布在0.02-6.78 mg/L范圍內(nèi),Ti、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Hg、Cd、Pb、Sn平均值分布在0.04～7.91 μg/L范圍內(nèi),As含量均超出GB3095-2012國(guó)標(biāo)要求；混酸消解提取樣品中全部金屬元素,采用ICP-AES測(cè)定Al、B、Ba等30種元素含量。利用SPSS軟件對(duì)水溶性和酸消解法數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析和同源性解析,結(jié)果顯示水溶性元素可能由揚(yáng)塵引入,酸消解元素主要由其他因素引起。采用直接稀釋法對(duì)大連近海海域9個(gè)樣品中P、B、Mg、Ca、K 5種元素含量進(jìn)行測(cè)定,加標(biāo)回收率為92.92％～118.8%,證明該方法可行。對(duì)北方某村10個(gè)井水樣品和附近水庫(kù)水中元素含量進(jìn)行分析,采用ICP-AES測(cè)定Mg、Na、Ca等8種元素含量,ICP-MS測(cè)定Pb、Cd、B等12種元素含量。結(jié)果表明,對(duì)照GB 5749-2006,井水中Fe含量均超標(biāo),有5個(gè)樣品中Se含量超出GB 5749-2006要求,但是符合GB 8537-2008要求。元素含量的相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示Ba、Ca、Mg、Na元素具有同源性,P與Ca、Mg、Na來(lái)源相近,而與Ba有不同的來(lái)源,K具有跟其它元素都不相同的來(lái)源。利用HNO_3、HClO_4、HF混酸對(duì)北方某村15個(gè)土壤樣品進(jìn)行消解,采用ICP-AES測(cè)定As、Ni、P等21個(gè)元素。經(jīng)測(cè)定,該地區(qū)土壤中As超標(biāo),用SPSS軟件進(jìn)行聚類(lèi)分析,結(jié)果表明土壤與地下水的金屬元素來(lái)源不同,這從另一個(gè)角度驗(yàn)證了表層土壤和井水中金屬元素相關(guān)系數(shù)較低,元素在表層土壤和地下井水中的分布差距較大。通過(guò)對(duì)測(cè)定結(jié)果的分析表明,ICP-AES和ICP-MS法具有重復(fù)性好、準(zhǔn)確度高、污染小等優(yōu)點(diǎn),其在大氣顆粒物、水體、土壤環(huán)境中的分析具有很好的應(yīng)用性。ICP-AES和ICP-MS法在環(huán)境中的應(yīng)用研究對(duì)控制污染源、維持人類(lèi)健康具有至關(guān)重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Heavy metal pollution has the characteristics of long term accumulation and irreversibility and has remarkable biological toxicity. In recent years, the pollution monitoring of environmental heavy metals and its harm to health have been paid more and more attention by the society. In this paper, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determine the contents of metal elements in three kinds of environmental carriers: atmospheric particulate matter, water body and soil, respectively. The application of ICP-AES and ICP-MS in the analysis of environmental samples was studied by statistical analysis of a large number of experimental data. 82 samples of PM2.5 and 82 samples of PM10 were selected for analysis. Ultrasonic extraction of water-soluble elements, ICP-AES determination of Al,Ca,K,Mg,Na and other five elements content, ICP-MS determination of lower content of Ti,Zn,Sn and other 14 elements; The results show that the distribution of metal elements in PM2.5 and PM10 can be roughly divided into three categories, in which the highest average values of Na content are 21.49 mg/L and 21.32 m / L respectively. The average value of Ba was in the range of 0.02-6.78 mg/L, and the average value of Ti,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Hg,Cd,Pb,Sn was in the range of 0.04 ~ 7.91 渭 g / L, the content of As exceeded the requirement of GB3095-2012 national standard. All the metal elements in the sample were extracted by mixed acid digestion and the content of 30 elements such as Al,B,Ba were determined by ICP-AES. Correlation analysis and homology analysis of water-soluble and acid digestion data were carried out by using SPSS software. The results showed that water-soluble elements may be introduced by dust, while acid digestion elements are mainly caused by other factors. A direct dilution method was used to determine the contents of 5 elements in 9 samples from the coastal waters of Dalian. The recoveries of the five elements were 92.922% and 118.8% respectively, which proved that the method was feasible. The contents of elements in 10 well water samples and nearby reservoirs in a village in northern China were analyzed. The contents of 8 elements of Mg,Na,Ca and 12 elements of Pb,Cd,B were determined by ICP-AES and 12 elements by ICP-MS. The results showed that compared with GB 5749-2006, the content of Fe in well water exceeded the standard, and the content of Se in 5 samples exceeded the requirement of GB 5749-2006, but met the requirement of GB 8537-2008. The results of correlation analysis of element contents showed that Ba,Ca,Mg,Na elements had homology, P and Ca,Mg,Na sources were similar, but had different sources from Ba, and K had different sources from other elements. Fifteen soil samples from a village in northern China were digested by HNO_3,HClO_4,HF mixed acid and 21 elements such as As,Ni,P were determined by ICP-AES. The results show that the sources of metal elements in soil and groundwater are different from each other, which proves that the correlation coefficient of metal elements in surface soil and well water is low. The distribution gap of elements in surface soil and underground well water is large. The analysis of the results shows that ICP-AES and ICP-MS have the advantages of good repeatability, high accuracy and little pollution. The application of ICP-AES and ICP-MS methods in environment is very important for controlling pollution sources and maintaining human health.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X830;O657

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 章洋;;ICP-MS在環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用和注意[J];中小企業(yè)管理與科技(上旬刊);2017年05期

，

本文編號(hào)：2378890