【摘要】：納米金屬氧化物及納米鋁熱劑均可以有效改善固體推進劑的燃速和壓力指數(shù)。本文研究了不同形貌、粒徑的尖晶石鈷鐵氧體、鎳鐵氧體的制備,以及與納米鋁粉混合后的復合物對固體推進劑燃燒性能的影響。通過水熱法制備了粒徑約為30nm、50nm的顆粒狀CoFe2O4,采用加熱回流法制備了不規(guī)則棒狀CoFe2O4、不規(guī)則顆粒狀NiFe2O4,超聲混合法制備了CoFe2O4/Al、 NiFe2O4/Al復合物及兩者與固體推進劑主要組分(HMX、NC、CL-20、RDX)混合的納米復合物。采用X射線衍射(XRD)、掃描電鏡及能譜散射光譜(SEM-EDS)表征手段,對尖晶石鉆鐵氧體、鎳鐵氧體及對應的與納米鋁粉混合后復合物的物相組成與外觀形貌進行了表征。通過差示掃描量熱DSC法,測試了上述CoFe2O4、NiFe2O4、CoFe2O4/Al、 NiFe2O4/Al對固體推進劑主要組分熱分解過程的催化性能,獲得了其熱動力學機理方程。結(jié)果表明：50nm CoFe2O4、50nm CoFe2O4/Al、NiFe2O4、NiFe2O4/Al對HMX熱分解峰峰形和分解峰峰頂溫度無明顯影響。50nm CoFe2O4、50nm CoFe2O4/Al、NiFe2O4、 NiFe2O4/Al的加入使NC分解溫度分別降低了5.21℃、3.84℃、3.44℃、3.38℃,同時放熱量增加了143J·g-1、293 J·g-1、135J·g-1和103 J·g-1。50nm CoFe2O4、50nm CoFe2O4/Al與NiFe2O4、NiFe2O4/Al的加入使CL-20分解溫度分別降低了4.66℃、5.33℃、2.41℃、5.19℃,相比純CL-20的熱分解過程的分解速率有所加快。50nm CoFe2O4、50nm CoFe2O4/Al、30nm CoFe2O4、30nm CoFe2O4/Al、NiFe2O4、NiFe2O4/Al六種復合物的加入均降低了RDX熱分解的表觀活化能,對RDX的熱分解具有一定催化作用。由于尖品石鈷鐵氧體、鎳鐵氧體形貌和粒徑大小的差異,50nm CoFe2O4、50nm CoFe2O4/Al、 NiFe2O4、NiFe2O4/Al的加入沒有改變RDX的熱分解機理,30nm CoFe2O4、30nm CoFe2O4/Al的加入改變了RDX的熱分解機理。
[Abstract]:Both nanometallic oxide and aluminothermic agent can effectively improve the burning rate and pressure index of solid propellant. In this paper, the preparation of spinel cobalt ferrite and nickel ferrite with different morphology and particle size, and the effect of the composite mixed with nanometer aluminum powder on the combustion performance of solid propellant were studied. CoFe2O4, with particle size of about 30 nm was prepared by hydrothermal method. Irregular CoFe2O4, irregular granular NiFe2O4, was prepared by heating reflux method. CoFe2O4/Al, was prepared by ultrasonic mixing method. NiFe2O4/Al composites and nanocomposites mixed with the main components of solid propellant (HMX,NC,CL-20,RDX). The phase composition and appearance of spinel ferrite, nickel ferrite and corresponding composite mixed with nano-aluminum powder were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive scattering spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). By differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the catalytic properties of the above mentioned CoFe2O4,NiFe2O4,CoFe2O4/Al, NiFe2O4/Al for the thermal decomposition of the main components of solid propellants were tested, and the thermodynamic mechanism equations were obtained. The results showed that 50nm CoFe2O4,50nm CoFe2O4/Al,NiFe2O4,NiFe2O4/Al had no significant effect on the peak shape and peak temperature of HMX thermal decomposition. The addition of 50nm CoFe2O4,50nm CoFe2O4/Al,NiFe2O4, NiFe2O4/Al reduced the decomposition temperature of NC by 5.21 鈩，

本文編號：2333574