【摘要】：量子點(diǎn)作為生物檢測(cè)中新興起來的一種熒光標(biāo)記物,它與傳統(tǒng)的半導(dǎo)體體材料相比出現(xiàn)了一些特殊的光電特性,因此在生物標(biāo)記、檢測(cè)、發(fā)光器件等多個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域具有較大的發(fā)展前景。由于表面光電信號(hào)的增強(qiáng)效應(yīng)與低毒副作用,金納米粒子被普遍應(yīng)用在醫(yī)學(xué)、生物檢測(cè)等領(lǐng)域中。在合適的條件下,貴金屬納米結(jié)構(gòu)表面的等離子體共振效應(yīng)能夠有效地增強(qiáng)量子點(diǎn)的輻射衰減率,目前通過這種方法來提量子點(diǎn)生物檢測(cè)體系的靈敏度成為研究熱點(diǎn)。本論文建立了金納米結(jié)構(gòu)增強(qiáng)量子點(diǎn)超輻射效應(yīng)的理論模型,并在實(shí)驗(yàn)上進(jìn)行了研究。以溶劑熱合成法制備了有機(jī)物包裹的量子點(diǎn)團(tuán)簇為研究對(duì)象,利用掃描近場(chǎng)光學(xué)顯微鏡來研究量子點(diǎn)團(tuán)簇的超輻射效應(yīng),并探索金納米粒子調(diào)控量子點(diǎn)集合的超輻射效應(yīng)的方法,從而達(dá)到增強(qiáng)熒光的效果。論文的主要工作包括兩個(gè)方面:1.量子點(diǎn)的超輻射效應(yīng)。在理論上,推導(dǎo)了以Wannier激子為輻射模型的Dicke超輻射公式,從而獲得量子點(diǎn)團(tuán)簇半徑與其輻射衰減率的立方關(guān)系;在實(shí)驗(yàn)上,以掃描近場(chǎng)光學(xué)顯微鏡為實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),將孔徑針尖精確地定位到大小不同的單個(gè)量子點(diǎn)團(tuán)簇上,并進(jìn)行激發(fā)測(cè)量光譜。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)量子點(diǎn)膠體團(tuán)簇半徑小于55nm時(shí),超輻射效應(yīng)隨團(tuán)簇半徑的增大而呈立方函數(shù)趨勢(shì)增強(qiáng),與理論相符;當(dāng)半徑大于55nm時(shí),超輻射效應(yīng)隨團(tuán)簇半徑的增大而偏離理論曲線。2.金納米結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控量子點(diǎn)的超輻射。用輻射衰減率模型來描述金納米結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)量子點(diǎn)的超輻射效應(yīng)的影響,通過控制聚電解質(zhì)雙分子層的厚度來調(diào)控金納米粒子薄膜與量子點(diǎn)集合之間的距離。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明聚電解質(zhì)雙分子層達(dá)到6層時(shí),即間距在14nm左右,量子點(diǎn)集合的熒光強(qiáng)度最大,強(qiáng)度比量子點(diǎn)集合自身的強(qiáng)度增強(qiáng)了1.4倍。從實(shí)驗(yàn)中獲得有效增加量子點(diǎn)輻射衰減率的方法,增強(qiáng)量子點(diǎn)熒光,從而滿足生物檢測(cè)中高靈敏度的需要。
[Abstract]:As a new fluorescent marker in biological detection, quantum dots have some special photoelectric properties compared with traditional semiconductor materials. Luminescent devices and other research fields have a great development prospects. Gold nanoparticles have been widely used in medicine, biological detection and other fields due to the enhancement of surface photoelectric signals and low toxicity and side effects. The plasmon resonance effect on the surface of noble metal nanostructures can effectively enhance the radiation attenuation rate of quantum dots under suitable conditions. In this paper, a theoretical model of gold nanostructures to enhance the superradiance effect of quantum dots is established and studied experimentally. The solvothermal synthesis method was used to prepare organic coated quantum dot clusters. Scanning near-field optical microscopy was used to study the superradiance effect of quantum dots clusters. The method of controlling the superradiance effect of quantum dot set by gold nanoparticles is explored, so that the fluorescence enhancement can be achieved. The main work of this paper includes two aspects: 1. Superradiance effect of quantum dots. In theory, the Dicke superradiance formula with Wannier exciton as radiation model is derived, and the cubic relation between the radius of quantum dots and its radiation attenuation rate is obtained, and the scanning near-field optical microscope is used as the experimental platform. The aperture tip is accurately located on a single quantum dot cluster of different sizes and the excitation spectra are measured. The experimental results show that when the radius of quantum dot colloid cluster is less than 55nm, the superradiance effect increases with the increase of cluster radius, which is consistent with the theory, and when the radius is larger than 55nm, The superradiation effect deviates from the theoretical curve with the increase of cluster radius. 2. Gold nanostructures regulate the superradiation of quantum dots. The radiation attenuation rate model is used to describe the superradiance effect of gold nanostructures on quantum dots. The distance between gold nanoparticles film and quantum dot set is controlled by controlling the thickness of polyelectrolyte bimolecular layer. The experimental results show that when the polyelectrolyte bimolecular layer reaches 6 layers, that is, the spacing is about 14nm, the fluorescence intensity of the quantum dot set is the largest, and the intensity of the quantum dot set is 1.4 times higher than that of the quantum dot set itself. An effective method to increase the radiation attenuation rate of quantum dots and enhance the fluorescence of quantum dots is obtained from the experiments, which meets the need of high sensitivity in biological detection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.1;O614.123

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