二氧化碳合成碳酸酯催化劑的研究
[Abstract]:As a kind of greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide has the characteristics of low cost, non-toxicity and abundant reserves. Converting it into high value-added chemical products efficiently and greenly is of great significance for the rational utilization of waste resources and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. It is a hot spot in science and industry, in which carbon dioxide is combined with propylene oxide. Propylene carbonate has been widely used in textiles, printing and dyeing, batteries, polymer synthesis and so on. It also plays an important role in the synthesis of pharmaceutical and fine chemical intermediates. Catalysts, such as oxides, ammonium salts, phosphine salts, polymers, ionic liquids, still have the following problems: (1) high cost of catalysts but low catalytic activity; (2) catalysts are sensitive to air; (3) the reaction must rely on organic solvents; (4) the reaction process requires higher temperature and pressure, which are to be solved in the design of cycloaddition catalysts. Two catalytic systems have been developed to ensure high efficiency and mild catalysis. The first is the rare earth metalloporphyrin complex catalytic system. Different kinds of rare earth metalloporphyrin catalysts have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The catalytic performance of rare earth metalloporphyrin complexes for cycloaddition of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide was investigated. _The reaction conditions were optimized. The effects of temperature, pressure and reaction time on the catalytic reaction were investigated. The optimum conditions for the catalytic reaction, ytterbium tetraphenylporphyrin, were given. The catalyst was prepared at 80 C, 1.5 MPa, without any solvent for 60 min. The yield of the product was 93%. _The catalytic system was optimized. The effects of different rare earth metal ions, different co-catalysts and different axial ligands on the catalytic activity of CO_2 to propylene oxide were investigated. The smaller the radius of metal ions, the higher the charge density, the stronger the Lewis acidity, and the more stable the metal-ligand coordination bonds can be formed, so the tetraphenylporphyrin lutetium exhibits the best catalytic effect; (2) the best co-catalyst is tetrabutylammonium bromide; (3) the electron-absorbing group is conducive to improving the central gold. Because of the Lewis acidity of metal ions, the axial CHLORINE-SUBSTITUTED metal complexes can promote the activation of propylene oxide and increase the yield of the product. The yield of propylene carbonate is up to 97% when the chlorotetraphenylporphyrin ytterbium complex is used as catalyst. _Change the catalytic performance of the reaction substrate to test the complex. Phenylethylene oxide, catalyzed by TPPYb/TBAB, can be effectively converted into corresponding organic carbonates by cycloaddition reaction with carbon dioxide. The yield of the product is more than 80%. The results show that the catalytic system has good versatility. The second kind is the metal chain complex catalytic system. 鍟惰兒涓洪厤浣撳悎鎴愪簡(jiǎn)鍏釜鐩寸嚎鍨嬮噾灞炰覆閰嶅悎鐗Ni_6(渭_6-dpznda)_4(Cl)_2](PF6)_2(1),[Ni_6(渭_6-dpznda)_4(NCS)_2](PF6)_2(2),Ni_5(渭_5-dpznda)_4Cl_2(3),Ni_5(渭_5-dpznda)_4(NCS)_2(4),Co_5(渭_5-dpznda)_4Cl_2(5),Co_5(渭_5-dpznda)_4(NCS)_2(6),Cr_5(渭_5-dpznda)_4Cl_2(7),Cr_5(渭_5-dpznda)_4(NCS) The complexes were characterized by IR, MS and elemental analysis. Four ligands were spirally coiled with metal atoms, and the axial ligands were linearly arranged with metal atoms. Then the metal strings were synergistically catalyzed by tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) to synthesize carbon dioxide and epoxides. Carbonate. Catalytic results show that metal complexes have good catalytic activity and the conversion frequency is as high as 23964 h~(-1).
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:TQ225.52;O643.36
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