【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)信息交互方式的不斷發(fā)展,人與人乃至人與物之間溝通交流需求的不斷增長(zhǎng),各種新業(yè)務(wù)、新技術(shù)逐漸涌現(xiàn)。數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)和無(wú)線(xiàn)通信產(chǎn)業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展固然喜人,然而作為承載一切無(wú)線(xiàn)通信的基礎(chǔ)——頻譜資源,尤其是目前4G和未來(lái)5G業(yè)務(wù)密集的2GHz-5GHz頻段,可應(yīng)用的1GHz左右頻譜資源幾乎消耗殆盡,未來(lái)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展必然趨向毫米波頻段。為了適應(yīng)毫米波頻段的特點(diǎn)并迎合未來(lái)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),一種能在光域處理微波信號(hào)的技術(shù)——“微波光子學(xué)”近年來(lái)受到海內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注,并有大量研究聚焦于微波光子的基本物理效應(yīng)和基礎(chǔ)物理器件上。在這種研究背景下,光子晶體作為一種損耗低,局域性好,易于集成的優(yōu)良材料,逐漸走進(jìn)微波光子學(xué)研究學(xué)者的視野。光子晶體本身具有光子禁帶,通過(guò)引入光子晶體線(xiàn)缺陷和點(diǎn)缺陷可以破壞光子晶體的禁帶特性,形成光子晶體微腔和波導(dǎo),是實(shí)現(xiàn)新型大規(guī)模光子集成(PIC)的重要元件之一。由于光子晶體的晶格常數(shù)大小和傳輸光波的波長(zhǎng)在同一數(shù)量級(jí),因此可以大大降低器件的尺寸,有利于光子器件的芯片化;基于硅基的光子晶體介質(zhì)背景空氣孔結(jié)構(gòu)可以利用目前的SOI晶元工藝進(jìn)行加工,和硅基電子器件易于結(jié)合進(jìn)行光電集成;光子晶體微腔和波導(dǎo)對(duì)光子具有良好的局域效果,可以通過(guò)精細(xì)加工形成濾波器、光開(kāi)關(guān)和傳感器等微波光子系統(tǒng)中的關(guān)鍵器件;光子晶體波導(dǎo)具有良好的慢光效應(yīng),可以在單位距離形成較為顯著的光傳輸延遲,有利于取代光纖和微帶線(xiàn)等結(jié)構(gòu)成為新型光子濾波器中的延遲線(xiàn);利用光子晶體對(duì)于光子的良好局域效果,可以將光子晶體的周期性結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用于基站太陽(yáng)能電池設(shè)計(jì),提高太陽(yáng)能電池對(duì)光子的捕捉,實(shí)現(xiàn)較高的吸收效率。這些特性使得光子晶體成為微波光子器件的潛在應(yīng)用材料,研究光子晶體的光波傳輸、耦合和慢光等特性對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)超高頻段通信具有重要意義。本論文針對(duì)光子晶體點(diǎn)缺陷和線(xiàn)缺陷的慢光與集成特性進(jìn)行研究,并將光子晶體結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用于微波光子器件的設(shè)計(jì)中,創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)主要包括:(1)針對(duì)現(xiàn)有微波光子濾波器尺寸較大、集成困難的問(wèn)題,利用光子晶體波導(dǎo)慢光和低損耗等優(yōu)勢(shì),提出兩種可應(yīng)用于60GHz單邊帶(Single Side-band,SSB) RoF (Radio over Fiber,光載無(wú)線(xiàn))系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行去邊帶和降噪的光子晶體微波光子濾波器,其中一種陷波濾波器的自由頻譜寬度(FreeSpectrum Range,FSR)可達(dá)130GHz,3dB帶寬4.12GHz,消光比達(dá)到22dB;另一種帶通濾波器的帶寬達(dá)到4.02GHz,消光比19.6dB,通過(guò)加載帶通濾波器,系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)107誤碼率所需信噪比可降低9dB。分析并設(shè)計(jì)了構(gòu)成濾波器所需的耦合分束波導(dǎo)、慢光波導(dǎo)、U型波導(dǎo)和錐形波導(dǎo)等光子晶體波導(dǎo)的相關(guān)特性,協(xié)調(diào)濾波器各部分之間的結(jié)構(gòu)以便于耦合,利用Rsoft軟件仿真了微波光子濾波器的場(chǎng)分布和透射特性。(2)針對(duì)光子晶體波導(dǎo)、微腔之間耦合效率過(guò)低的問(wèn)題,研究帶有反射微腔的耦合系統(tǒng),理論推導(dǎo)并仿真計(jì)算反射微腔耦合系統(tǒng),通過(guò)合理設(shè)計(jì)微腔之間的距離使得微腔耦合效率顯著提升。并利用耦合系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)了一種采用注入技術(shù)并帶有反射微腔的光子晶體解復(fù)用器,在1550nm通信波長(zhǎng)下載效率可達(dá)95%以上;針對(duì)微波光子系統(tǒng)與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等技術(shù)在未來(lái)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的相互融合需要高性能傳感器的問(wèn)題,提出一種顯著提升傳感強(qiáng)度的對(duì)稱(chēng)微腔傳感器,該傳感器利用空氣孔結(jié)構(gòu)吸附待測(cè)物質(zhì),仿真分析了待測(cè)物質(zhì)沉積面積和微腔偏移之間的聯(lián)系。(3)針對(duì)目前通信產(chǎn)業(yè)綠色環(huán)保、高效靈活等需求和未來(lái)微波光子網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能集中于中心站等發(fā)展趨勢(shì),基于光子晶體正方晶格介質(zhì)柱波導(dǎo)多模耦合理論設(shè)計(jì)了 2×2全光邏輯門(mén),并將兩個(gè)多模耦合結(jié)構(gòu)集成,在正負(fù)消光比差值較高的條件下設(shè)計(jì)并仿真集成式3×3多功能邏輯門(mén),可以實(shí)現(xiàn)OR,NOT,NAND, XOR和XNOR等多項(xiàng)邏輯運(yùn)算,邏輯功能的正負(fù)消光比均在20dB以上。(4)針對(duì)微波光子系統(tǒng)大容量、小蜂窩的特點(diǎn)和未來(lái)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)傳感設(shè)備長(zhǎng)期續(xù)航的要求,采用鈣鈦礦結(jié)構(gòu)材料CH3NH3PbI3 (碘化鉛甲基胺)設(shè)計(jì)并仿真了一種綠色光子晶體太陽(yáng)能電池,實(shí)現(xiàn)300nm-800nm頻段內(nèi)太陽(yáng)光92%的光子吸收,獲得25.1 mA/cm2的最大捕獲光電流密度(Maximum Achievable Photocurrent Density,MAPD)。同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)了 CH(NH2)2PbI3(碘化鉛乙基胺)鈣鈦礦電池,實(shí)現(xiàn)300nm-850nm頻段太陽(yáng)光95.4%的光子吸收,優(yōu)化得到最高29.1 mA/cm2的MAPD,等效于23.4%的全譜太陽(yáng)能光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of information interaction in modern society and the increasing demand for communication between people and even between people and things, various new services and new technologies are emerging. The flourishing development of data services and wireless communication industry is certainly gratifying, but as the basis of all wireless communications, spectrum resources, especially the current 4G and 3G In the 2GHz-5GHz band with intensive 5G services in the future, the available 1GHz or so spectrum resources are almost exhausted, and the development of the future network will inevitably tend to the millimeter wave band. In this context, photonic crystals, as an excellent material with low loss, good locality and easy integration, have gradually come into the field of microwave photonics. Photonic band gap, which can destroy the band gap properties of photonic crystals by introducing line and point defects, is one of the important components to realize large-scale photonic integration (PIC). Low device size is advantageous to photonic device chipping; silicon-based photonic crystal dielectric background air hole structure can be fabricated by current SOI crystal technology, and silicon-based electronic devices are easy to integrate photoelectric integration; photonic crystal microcavity and waveguide have good local effect on photonics, and can be fabricated by fine processing. Photonic crystal waveguides have good slow light effect, and can form a significant optical transmission delay at a unit distance, which is conducive to replacing optical fiber and microstrip lines as delay lines in new photonic filters; photonic crystal waveguides are good for photons. With good local effect, the periodic structure of photonic crystals can be applied to the design of base station solar cells to improve the photon capture and absorption efficiency of solar cells. This paper studies the slow light and integration characteristics of point and line defects in photonic crystals, and applies the structure of photonic crystals to the design of microwave photonic devices. The main innovations include: (1) To solve the problems of large size and difficult integration of existing microwave photonic filters, we use light. Two kinds of photonic crystal microwave photonic filters are proposed, which can be used in 60GHz single Side-band (SSB) RoF (Radio over Fiber) system for sideband removal and noise reduction. One kind of notch filter has free spectrum width (FSR) of 130GHz and 3dB band. Another bandpass filter has a bandwidth of 4.02 GHz and an extinction ratio of 19.6 dB. By loading a bandpass filter, the signal-to-noise ratio required for 107 bit error rate can be reduced by 9 dB. The coupling beam splitting waveguide, slow optical waveguide, U-shaped waveguide and conical waveguide are analyzed and designed. The field distribution and transmission characteristics of the microwave photonic filter are simulated by Rsoft software. (2) To solve the problem of low coupling efficiency between photonic crystal waveguides and microcavities, the coupling system with reflective microcavities is studied, and the coupling system with reflective microcavities is theoretically deduced and simulated. A photonic crystal demultiplexer with an injection technique and a reflective microcavity is designed by using the coupling system. The download efficiency of the 1550 nm communication wavelength can reach more than 95%; the phase of the future network for the microwave photonic system and the Internet of Things. A symmetrical microcavity sensor is proposed to enhance the sensing intensity. The sensor uses air hole structure to absorb the substance to be measured. The relationship between the deposited area of the substance to be measured and the microcavity offset is simulated and analyzed. (3) Aiming at the current needs of the communication industry, such as environmental protection, high efficiency and flexibility, and the future micro-demand. Wave photonic network is focused on the central station and other development trends. Based on the photonic crystal square lattice dielectric cylindrical waveguide multi-mode coupling theory, a 2 *2 all-optical logic gate is designed. Two multi-mode coupling structures are integrated to design and simulate the integrated 3 *3 multi-functional logic gate with high extinction ratio difference. OR, NOT, NAND can be realized. The positive and negative extinction ratios of XOR and XNOR are all above 20 dB. (4) A green photonic crystal solar energy was designed and simulated by using perovskite structural material CH3NH3PbI3 (lead iodide methylamine) in view of the characteristics of microwave photonic system with large capacity, small honeycomb and the long-term requirement of the future Internet of Things for sensor equipment. The maximum capture photocurrent density (MAPD) of 25.1 mA/cm2 was obtained by 92% absorption of sunlight in the frequency range of 300 nm-800 nm. The CH (NH2) 2PbI3 (lead iodide ethylamine) perovskite cell was designed to achieve 95.4% absorption of sunlight in the frequency range of 300 nm-850 nm, and the maximum 29.1 mA/c was optimized. The MAPD of M2 is equivalent to 23.4% of the full spectrum solar photovoltaic conversion efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：O734;TN713;TP212

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本文編號(hào)：2220345